Scientific Inference Does Not Rest on Statistical Testing.

The Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial found that in patients with HIV and CD4 cell counts above 500 cells/mm who had not previously received treatment, immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy reduced the risk of serious adverse outcomes compared with delaying treatment initiation only when the CD4 cell count fell below 350 cells/mm. After the trial's completion, people with HIV not receiving therapy were offered the opportunity to start it without regard to their CD4 cell count. In this issue of the START group reports data from an additional 5 years of follow-up..