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Dearomative photocycloaddition of monocyclic arenes is an appealing strategy for comprehending the concept of "escape from flatland". This brings the replacement of readily available planar aromatic hydrocarbon units with a 3D fused bicyclic core with -enriched carbon units. Herein, we outline an intermolecular approach for the dearomative photocycloaddition of phenols. In order to circumvent the ground-state aromaticity and to construct conformationally restrained building blocks, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes were chosen as coupling partners. This dearomative approach renders straightforward access to a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane unit fused to a cyclic enone moiety, which further contributed as a synthetic linchpin for postmodifications. Mechanistic experiment advocates for a plausible onset from both the reactants, depending on the redox potential.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c12894 | DOI Listing |
Tetrahedron
August 2024
Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
A dearomative 1,4-hydroamination of nonactivated arenes has been developed, using a key arene-arenophile photocycloaddition strategy to disrupt aromaticity. Palladium catalysis with K-Selectride as a hydride source uniquely enables selective reactivity and provides access to a range of substituted 1,4-cyclohexadienes from aromatic starting materials. We demonstrate a few synthetic applications of this scalable procedure by preparing highly-functionalized small molecules in three to four steps from naphthalene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
August 2025
New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Cyclobutane-fused heterocycles are important motifs in biologically active molecules, yet their enantioselective synthesis remains a significant challenge. We report a broadly applicable and modular strategy for constructing these strained architectures through a visible-light-mediated, Lewis acid-catalyzed dearomative [2+2] photocycloaddition of indoles, benzofurans, and benzothiophenes with alkenes. The method employs a simple catalytic system based on commercially available rare-earth Lewis acids and chiral pyridine-2,6-bis(oxazoline) (PyBox) ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2025
Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, PR China.
Asymmetric dearomative photocycloaddition has emerged as a transformative strategy for the enantioselective construction of complex three-dimensional molecular architectures from simple planar aromatic precursors. While significant progress has been made in this field, the scope has largely been confined to electron-rich and electron-neutral aromatic systems. Herein, we present a breakthrough with the development of the direct asymmetric dearomative photocycloaddition involving electron-deficient isoquinolines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
Visible-light-mediated energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis has emerged as a highly appealing strategy for converting planar (hetero)arenes into complex, medicinally relevant, three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Current methodologies for intermolecular dearomative photocycloadditions, however, are restricted to bicyclic (hetero)aromatic systems, while the more abundant monocyclic (hetero)arenes remain vastly underexplored. Accessing the triplet state of the ubiquitous monocyclic (hetero)arenes poses a formidable challenge due to their high triplet energy barriers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
July 2025
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
Cyclobutane-fused polycyclic scaffolds are structurally interesting cores in natural product synthesis and drug discovery. The construction of these skeletons often requires elaborate synthetic effort and gives low efficiency. We herein demonstrated the divergent construction of various cyclobutane-fused 2D/3D pentacyclic scaffolds by a photocatalytic intermolecular double dearomative cycloaddition of arenes.
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