Influence of Nano-CeO and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanocomposite Films.

Novel three-phase polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) based on cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) incorporated in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix were formulated using a solution-casting approach. To understand the structural and morphological features of PVDF/CeO/GNP nanocomposites (NCs), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses were accomplished. The PVDF/CeO/GNP NCs displayed improved thermal stability which resulted from strong bonding between GNPs and CeO NPs and restriction of the polymer chain movement. The introduction of CeO NPs and GNPs within the PVDF matrix and good synergy between CeO NPs and GNPs led to variable mechanical properties of the prepared NCs. The PVDF/CeO/GNP NCs portrayed reduced thermal stability, which could be due to the increased mobility of PVDF chains imposed by GNPs leading to the formation of volatile degradation products. Moreover, PVDF/CeO/GNP NCs exhibited good electrical conductivity and high dielectric permittivity. The obtained dielectric permittivity value for the PVDF/CeO/GNP NCs was 3-fold greater than PVDF/CeO NCs, making these novel tertiary composite materials a probable candidate for energy-storage applications.