Tranexamic acid is not associated with a higher rate of thrombotic-related reintervention after major vascular injury repair.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is associated with lower mortality and transfusion requirements in trauma patients, but its role in thrombotic complications associated with vascular repairs remains unclear. We investigated whether TXA increases the risk of thrombosis-related technical failure (TRTF) in major vascular injuries (MVI).

Methods: The PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) registry was queried from 2013 to 2022 for MVI repaired with an open or endovascular intervention. The relationship between TXA administration and TRTF was examined.

Results: The TXA group (n = 297) had higher rates of hypotension at admission (33.6% vs. 11.5%, p < 0.001), need for continuous vasopressors (41.4% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.001), and packed red blood cell transfusion (3.2 vs. 2.0 units, p < 0.001) during the first 24 hours compared with the non-TXA group (n = 1941), although demographics, injury pattern, and interventions were similar. Cryoprecipitate (9.1% vs. 2%, p < 0.001), and anticoagulant administration during the intervention (32.7% vs. 43.8%, p < 0.001) were higher in the TXA group; there was no difference in the rate of factor VII use between groups (1% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.485). Thrombosis-related technical failure was not different between the groups (6.3% vs. 3.8 p = 0.141) while the rate of immediate need for reoperation (10.1% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.006) and overall reoperation (11.4% vs. 7%, p = 0.009) was significantly higher in the TXA group on univariate analysis. There was no significant association between TXA and a higher rate of immediate need for reintervention (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.88; p = 0.465), overall reoperation rate (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.82-2.17; p = 0.249) and thrombotic events in a repaired vessel (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.60-1.92; p = 0.806) after adjusting for type of injury, vasopressor infusions, blood product and anticoagulant administration, and hemodynamics.

Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is not associated with a higher risk of thrombosis-related technical failure in traumatic injuries requiring major vascular repairs. Further prospective studies to examine dose-dependent or time-dependent associations between TXA and thrombotic events in MVIs are needed.

Level Of Evidence: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.