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The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting of fluids is used for several applications such as inkjet printing, atomization of analyte in mass spectrometry, liquid metal alloy ion sources, and electrospinning of polymer fibers. Historically, the bulk of research has focused on nonviscous, highly conductive fluids which are most suitable for EHD spray and printing, while there is relatively little experimental work on EHD jetting of highly viscous liquid dielectrics. We studied the dynamics of oscillation and pulsating jetting from a suspended drop of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers in an electric field, with particular attention to the viscosity dependence of the oscillation period and meniscus elongation and contraction time over a wide viscosity range (10-10 cSt). The reported results could help the appropriate design of EHD processes and may open new possibilities for the rheological characterization of liquid polymers using small volumes at the scale of nanoliters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02566 | DOI Listing |
Micromachines (Basel)
August 2025
School of Construction Machinery, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China.
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing offers mask-free, high-resolution deposition across a broad range of ink viscosities, yet combining void-free filling of high-aspect-ratio through-glass vias (TGVs) with ultrafine drop-on-demand (DOD) line printing on the same platform requires balancing conflicting requirements: for example, high field strengths to drive ink into deep and narrow vias; sufficiently high ink viscosity to prevent gravity-induced leakage; and stable meniscus dynamics to avoid satellite droplets and charge accumulation on the glass surface. By coupling electrostatic field analysis with transient level-set simulations, we establish a dimensionless regime map that delineates stable cone-jetting regime; these predictions are validated by high-speed imaging and surface profilometry. Operating within this window, the platform achieves complete, void-free filling of 200 µm × 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
August 2025
Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Protein-based nanoparticles offer tailored bioactivity and biodegradability that are distinct from their synthetic polymeric counterparts. Precise engineering of physical properties, especially size, of nanoparticles using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting is a crucial factor that defines the fate of delivery systems in nanomedicine. Herein, we establish a systematic understanding that leads to the preparation of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles with sizes as small as 50 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
July 2025
Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a promising micro-nano manufacturing technology. However, the EHD printing process is susceptible to interferences like charge repulsion, electric field, airflow, and platform motion, leading to unstable jetting and nonuniform deposition morphology. In this paper, a double close-loop fuzzy control method based on jet image recognition and micro-current measurement was designed to monitor and control the EHD printing process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Biosci
June 2025
Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Intraepithelial delivery of cancer preventive therapies for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been limited by factors such as rapid mucus turnover, enzymatic degradation, and salivary clearance. These challenges, coupled with poor solubility and associated low bioavailability, have hampered clinical progress. To address these challenges, we present an effective method for encapsulation and sustained release of poorly soluble, apolar therapeutics via mucoadhesive protein nanoparticles (PNPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrosyst Nanoeng
June 2025
State Key Laboratory of Electromechanical Integrated Manufacturing of High-performance Electronic Equipments, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China.
High-resolution 3D printing, particularly electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, represents a transformative approach for advanced manufacturing applications, including wearable electronics, bioelectronics, and soft robotics. Despite its potential, EHD printing faces challenges such as complex waveform control, limited material compatibility, satellite droplet formation, and continuous charge accumulation. To address these issues, the use of pulse-width modulation (PWM) control is proposed to enhance EHD printing performance.
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