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Model-driven meta-analysis establishes a new consensus view: Inhibitory neurons dominate BOLD-fMRI responses.
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Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences and Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a pivotal tool for mapping neuronal activity in the brain. Traditionally, the observed hemodynamic changes are assumed to reflect the activity of the most common neuronal type: excitatory neurons. In contrast, recent experiments, using optogenetic techniques, suggest that the fMRI-signal could reflect the activity of inhibitory interneurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Reflections derived from report: The Lancet commission on medicine, nazism, and the holocaust: historical evidence, implications for today, teaching for tomorrow].
Cuad Bioet
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Universidad Católica de Murcia. Observatorio de Bioética de la Universidad Católica de Valencia. Carlos Albors, 34. 46220 Picassent
Although, in principle, the Lancet article Commission on Medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust, aims to provide medical students with a moral compass to guide the future of medical practice as a social retaining wall against anti-Semitism, it deals with the Holocaust not from a philosophical point of view, but from a pedagogical one, resorting to didactic strategies from a historiographical approach. What seemed to be a plea against the behaviour of the Nazi doctors' experiments becomes a justification of the positive law of the liberal democracies in use. However, what it ignores is of the utmost importance: that the majority of the regime's doctors were tried and sentenced for their iniquitous actions, and yet, in contemporary Western society, an even greater danger is very much present: techno-science, which, as it stands, can once again compromise the identity, dignity and very life of the human person.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExcitatory glycine receptors control ventral hippocampus synaptic plasticity and anxiety-related behaviors.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
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Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris 75005, France.
Excitatory glycine receptors (eGlyRs), composed of the glycine-binding NMDA receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN3A, have recently emerged as a novel neuronal signaling modality that challenges the traditional view of glycine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Unlike conventional GluN1/GluN2 NMDARs, the distribution and role of eGlyRs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that eGlyRs are highly enriched in the ventral hippocampus (VH) and confer distinct properties on this brain region.
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Anim Cogn
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Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
Although many animal species are known to learn to respond to human verbal commands, this ability is understudied, as are the cues used to do so. For the best-studied species, the dog, domestication itself is used to justify successful attending to human communicative cues. However, the role of domestication in sensitivity to human cues remains debated.
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Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland.
Computer simulations play an essential role in the interpretation of experimental multiphoton absorption spectra. In addition, models derived from theory allow for the establishment of "structure-property" relationships. This work contributes to these efforts and presents the results of an analysis of two- and three-photon absorptions for a set comprising 450 conjugated molecules performed at the CAM-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level.
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