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This systematic review seeks to highlight, from the published literature about the extraction and application of lemon by-products rich in flavonoids, which works use environmentally friendly technologies and solvents and which ones propose a potentially functional food application, according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). WoS and SCOPUS were used as scientific databases for searching the documents, which were evaluated through 10 quality questions according to their adherence to our purpose (5 questions evaluating papers devoted to lemon flavonoid extraction and 5 concerning the application of such by-products in new foods). Each question was evaluated as "Yes", "No", or "does Not refer", according to its adherence to our aim. The analysis reported 39 manuscripts related to lemon flavonoid extraction; 89% of them used green technologies and solvents. On the other hand, 18 manuscripts were related to the incorporation of lemon by-products into new foods, of which 41% adhered to our purpose and only 35% evaluated the functionality of such incorporation. Conclusively, although the bibliography is extensive, there are still some gaps for further investigation concerning the extraction and application of lemon by-products to reduce food losses in an environmentally friendly way and the possible development of new functional foods, which must be performed following the SDGs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12193687 | DOI Listing |
BioTech (Basel)
August 2025
Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Toxicology of Native Fish, Division of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Cárdenas CP 86529, Tabasco, Mexico.
This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic pulse-assisted extraction on the yield and antioxidant activity of essential oils from grapefruit () by-products using hydrodistillation and Soxhlet solvent extraction (hexane, acetone, ethanol). Ultrasound was applied at 40% amplitude for 20 min before extraction. Results showed that ultrasound significantly increased extraction yield with hexane (from 2.
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July 2025
Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
This research analyzes the innovative development of carnauba wax coatings enriched with essential oils (EOs: lemon, orange, grapefruit, clove, oregano, and cinnamon) or fruit by-products (FBPs: avocado, tomato, carrot, orange, lemon, and grapefruit) to improve postharvest preservation of organic oranges and lemons. Six EOs and six FBPs were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro antifungal activity against . Based on results, grapefruit, oregano, and clove EOs were selected for lemons, while avocado, orange, and grapefruit FBPs were selected for oranges.
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July 2025
"Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu, Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania.
Beetroot peel, an underutilised by-product of the food industry, has significant potential for valorisation due to its high content of bioactive compounds and natural pigments. This study aimed to sustainably reintroduce beetroot peel into the food chain by enriching the nutritional value of dehydrated apple snacks. Five experimental formulations of apple slices were developed: dipped in 5% RBPP in water, dipped in 10% RBPP in water, dipped in 5% RBPP in 50% lemon juice, dipped in 10% RBPP in 50% lemon juice all seasoned with cinnamon powder, and a control formulation.
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July 2025
Center of Excellence in Phytochemical and Functional Food for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Pomelo ( or ) is widely cultivated for its edible pulp; however, processing generates substantial quantities of by-products, including peel, pith, sponge layer, and fruitlets, which are typically discarded as waste. Recent research highlights these by-products as abundant sources of bioactive compounds with promising health-promoting properties. This synthesis of current scientific evidence focuses on the potential of pomelo by-products to support gut health and digestive function, with particular emphasis on metabolic regulation.
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June 2025
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Olive mill wastewater is a by-product of olive oil extraction, characterized by a high concentration of organic matter, which presents a significant environmental challenge if not properly managed. This study was aimed at valorizing olive mill wastewater through selective fermentations to produce acetic beverages with low or no alcohol content. Olive mill wastewaters at three different dilutions (100%, 75% and 50%) were inoculated with UMCC 855 for alcoholic fermentation.
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