Spatial methods for measuring access to health care.

Access to health care is a universal human right and key indicator of health system performance. Spatial access encompasses geographic factors mediating with the accessibility and availability of health services. Equity of health service access is a global issue, which includes access to the specialized nursing workforce. Nursing research applying spatial methods is in its infancy. Given the use of spatial methods in health research is a rapidly developing field, it is timely to provide guidance to inspire greater application in cardiovascular research. Therefore, the objective of this methods paper is to provide an overview of spatial analysis methods to measure the accessibility and availability of health services, when to consider applying spatial methods, and steps to consider for application in cardiovascular nursing research.