Investigation of Resistance Genes in Genus Reveals Highly Variable NLRome in Parallel Domesticated Member Species.

is a unique genus that consist of multiple crop species that are domesticated in parallel fashion between 7-10 thousand years ago. Here we studied the evolution of nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes across five crop species of genus . In total identified 286, 350, 234, 250, 108 and 161 NLR genes were from , , , , and respectively. Comprehensive phylogenetic and clusterization analysis reveals the presence of seven subgroups of Coiled coil like NLRs (CC-NLR) genes and four distinct lineages of Toll interleukin receptor like NLRs (TIR-NLR). Subgroup CC-NLR shows large scale diversification among species suggesting genus specific distinct duplication pattern in species. Mainly birth of new NLR gene families and higher rate of terminal duplication is the major determinants for expansion of NLRome in genus . Recent expansion of NLRome in and was also observed which might suggest that domestication have supported their duplication of lineage specific NLR genes. In short, large scale difference in the architecture of NLRome were observed in diploid plant species. Our findings allowed us to hypothesized that independent parallel domestication is the major drivers of highly divergent evolution of NLRome in genus .