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Fiber-wireless integration has been widely studied as a key technology to support radio access networks in sixth-generation wireless communication, empowered by artificial intelligence. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a deep-learning-based end-to-end (E2E) multi-user communication framework for a fiber-mmWave (MMW) integrated system, where artificial neural networks (ANN) are trained and optimized as transmitters, ANN-based channel models (ACM), and receivers. By connecting the computation graphs of multiple transmitters and receivers, we jointly optimize the transmission of multiple users in the E2E framework to support multi-user access in one fiber-MMW channel. To ensure that the framework matches the fiber-MMW channel, we employ a two-step transfer learning technique to train the ACM. In a 46.2 Gbit/s 10-km fiber-MMW transmission experiment, compared with the single-carrier QAM, the E2E framework achieves over 3.5 dB receiver sensitivity gain in the single-user case and 1.5 dB gain in the three-user case under the 7% hard-decision forward error correction threshold.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.479500 | DOI Listing |
Opt Express
June 2025
In 6G areas such as wireless fronthaul and access networks, the coexistence of multiple linear and nonlinear distortions in fiber-terahertz links poses significant challenges for achieving high spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end four-dimensional joint geometric and probabilistic shaping (E2E-4D-JGPS) for a fiber-terahertz integrated communication system. Firstly, a constellation-level equalized channel modeling method based on the mixture density network (MDN) is developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
August 2025
Departmento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
The intricate relationship between diradical character, aromaticity, and reactivity in annulated heavier Group 14 benzene-1,4-diides, that is, [(ADC)E] (E = Si, Ge, Sn), based on an anionic dicarbene framework, (ADC = PhC{N(Ar)C}: Ar = aryl), has been investigated through Density Functional Theory and ab initio calculations. The diradical character of both homo- [(ADC)E] and heteroleptic [(ADC)EE'] systems (E ≠ E') has been accurately computed, while the aromaticity of their corresponding closed-shell (CS) and open-shell (OS) singlet states has been evaluated using magnetic descriptors. Additionally, the key factors governing dihydrogen activation and cycloaddition with acetylene have been quantitatively analyzed in detail by applying the combination of the Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel self-adaptive secure end-to-end (E2E) transmission approach is proposed for a radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. The system integrates deep learning (DL) and traditional models across the transmitter, channel, and receiver, forming an E2E transmission framework. The encryption function of the system is embedded into modulation (TransNN) and demodulation (ReceivNN) via E2E optimization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
April 2025
Faculty of Physics and Technology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a disruptive technology that underpins Industry 5.0 by integrating various service technologies to enable intelligent connectivity among smart objects. These technologies enhance the convergence of Information Technology (IT), Operational Technology (OT), Core Technology (CT), and Data Technology (DT) networks, improving automation and decision-making capabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
December 2024
Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.