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Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an extremely frequent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults. However, the symptomatology in the paediatric population remains understudied and heavily reliant on questionnaires. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of OD in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to assess the use of olfactory testing in predicting COVID-19 in children. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between subjective and objective sense of smell in children.
Methods: Children aged 6-12 years presenting at Test Centre Aarhus for a reverse transcription PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were invited to participate during the study period (from 8 January to 22 February 2022). They underwent olfactory testing with Sniffin' Sticks 16 Identification Kit and they were asked about their subjective assessment of smell and any confounding factors.
Results: A total of 78 children completed inclusion of whom 51 had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. We found no correlation between either current SARS-CoV-2 status and Sniffin' Sticks Identification score (p = 0.500) or previous self-reported infection. We also found no correlation between subjective and objective sense of smell (p = 0. 109).
Conclusion: The lack of correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and OD may indicate that OD is not a dominant symptom in children. Therefore, olfactory testing is not recommended as a screening method for SARS-CoV-2 as was suggested in adults. Likewise, subjective questioning is not a reliable tool in assessing olfactory function in children.
Funding: Laura Danielsen received funding for salary from Forskningsfond Hospitalsenheden Vest (now Forskningsfond Regionshospitalet Gødstrup). Alexander Wieck Fjældstad wishes to acknowledge research salary funding for other projects from Velux Fonden. The sponsors had no say, roles or responsibilities in relation to the study, including (but not limited to) the study design, data collection, management, analysis or decision to publish.
Trial Registration: Not relevant.
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Ann Geriatr Med Res
September 2025
Academia Latinoamericana de Medicina del Adulto Mayor - ALMA.
Background: Respiratory infections significantly impact older adults in Latin America, highlighting the need for regionally adapted consensus-based vaccination recommendations to guide preventive strategies. This study aimed to develop a consensus among Latin American experts on vaccination against respiratory diseases in older adults in the region, including influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and pertussis.
Methods: A two-round Delphi methodology was employed, involving 35 specialists from various medical fields.
Liver Int
October 2025
GastroZentrum Hirslanden, Digestive Disease Center, Zürich, Switzerland.
Background And Aims: Cholangiopathies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy (PCC), involve chronic cholangiocyte injury, senescence, epithelial-stromal crosstalk, and progressive fibrosis. However, effective in vitro models to capture these interactions are limited. Here, we present a scaffold-free 3D multilineage spheroid model, composed of hepatocyte-like cells (HepG2), cholangiocytes (H69), and hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), designed to recapitulate early fibrogenic responses driven by senescent cholangiocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNurs Open
September 2025
Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan.
Aim: To explore nursing students' satisfaction levels of each specific item and perceptions under the unprecedented abrupt online clinical practicum during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design: A mixed-method design comprises a questionnaire and qualitative content analysis.
Methods: The study used purposive sampling using data from nursing students in grade 3 of a 4-year bachelor RN programme at a technological university in the north of Taiwan, compiled from May 2021 to June 2021 using an online questionnaire.
Transplantation
September 2025
Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.
Background: Disparities in posttransplant outcomes persist and worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, disproportionately affecting individuals with social risk factors. This study examined the total and residual (ie, direct) associations between individual- and neighborhood-level income and posttransplant outcomes among deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) and living donor kidney transplant recipients transplanted in the United States in 2020.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study linked Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data with estimated individual annual income from LexisNexis and neighborhood median annual household income from the American Community Survey.
BMC Health Serv Res
September 2025
Health Services Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.