Is Oligometastatic Cancer Curable? A Survey of Oncologist Perspectives, Decision Making, and Communication.

Purpose: Oligometastatic disease (OMD) refers to a limited state of metastatic cancer, which potentially derives benefit from local treatments. Given the relative novelty of this paradigm, oncologist perspectives on OMD are not well established. We thus explored oncologist views on curability of and treatment recommendations for patients with OMD.

Methods And Materials: We developed a survey focused on oncologist views of 3 subtypes of OMD: synchronous, oligorecurrent, and oligoprogressive. Eligible participants included medical and radiation oncologists at 2 large cancer centers invited to participate between May and June 2022. Participants were presented with 3 hypothetical patient scenarios and asked about treatment recommendations, rationale, and demographic information.

Results: Of 44 respondents, over half (61.4%) agreed that synchronous OMD is curable. A smaller proportion (46.2% and 13.5%) agreed for oligorecurrence and oligoprogression, respectively. When asked whether they use the word "cure" or "curative" in discussing prognosis, 31.8% and 33.3% agreed for synchronous and oligorecurrent OMD, respectively, while 78.4% disagreed for oligoprogression. Views on curability did not significantly affect treatment recommendations. More medical oncologists recommended systemic treatment only compared with radiation oncologists for the synchronous OMD (50.0% vs 5.3%; < .01) and oligoprogression cases (43.8% vs 10.5%;  = .02), not the oligorecurrent case. There were no significant differences in confidence in treatment recommendations by specialty.

Conclusions: In this exploratory study, we found notable divergence in oncologists' views about curability of OMD as well as variability in treatment recommendations, suggesting need for more robust research on outcomes of patients with OMD.