Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) complex forms the evolutionarily conserved antioxidation system to tackle oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species, generated as byproducts of cellular metabolism, were identified as essential second messengers for T cell signaling, activation, and effector responses. Apart from its traditional role as an antioxidant, a growing body of evidence indicates that Nrf2, tightly regulated by Keap1, modulates immune responses and regulates cellular metabolism. Newer functions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in immune cell activation and function, as well as their role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis, are emerging. In this review, we highlight recent findings about the influence of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the development and effector functions of adaptive immune cells, that is, T cells and B cells, and discuss the knowledge gaps in our understanding. We also summarize the research potential and targetability of Nrf2 for treating immune pathologies.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10579846 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2200061 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Engineering of a Complex of the DNase Domain of Colicin E9 with the Immunity Protein Im9 Activated by the Protease pS273R of African Swine Fever Virus.
ACS Synth Biol
September 2025
A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus that causes a highly lethal disease in pigs and currently has no effective vaccines or antiviral treatments available. We designed a protein switch that combines the DNase domain of colicin E9 (DNase E9) and its inhibitor Im9 with the viral protease cleavage site. The complex is only destroyed in the presence of an ASFV pS273R protease, which releases DNase activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Mechanisms Underlying Parasitoid-Derived Host Manipulation Strategies.
Annu Rev Entomol
September 2025
2Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; email:
Parasitoid wasps are a diverse group of insects with a unique parasitic lifestyle that allows them to spend their lives closely interacting with their insect hosts, facilitated by parasitic effectors, including venom, polydnaviruses, and teratocytes. These effectors manipulate various aspects of insect host biology to increase the survival of the parasitoids' offspring. During the last two decades, omics and functional studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how parasitoids manipulate their hosts at the molecular level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA New Biomarker for Predicting the Abscopal Effect: Quantifying Polyclonal Effector Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells by Using Nanoparticles Loading Whole Tumor Antigens.
Anal Chem
September 2025
Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China.
Radiation therapy (RT) plays important roles in cancer treatment, and the efficacy of RT depends on the abscopal effect, which results in the regression of distant and untreated tumors through localized irradiation of a single tumor lesion. This effect is mediated by effector tumor antigen-specific T cells (ETASTs) activated by RT. Monitoring the radiation-induced changes in ETASTs can be used to predict the abscopal effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltra-low attachment surface enabling 3D co-culture of human B cells with CD40L-expressing stromal cells for mimicry of secondary lymphoid organs.
Biomater Sci
September 2025
Biotechnology Science and Engineering Program, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
B cells are critical components of the adaptive immune system that proliferate and differentiate within the secondary lymphoid organs upon recognition of antigens and engagement of T cells. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures fall short of replicating the intricate structures and dynamic evolution of three-dimensional (3D) environments found in lymphoid organs, prompting the development of more physiologically pertinent models. Our approach employs -hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) coated ultra-low attachment (ULA) lattice plates to cultivate a 3D co-culture of CD40L-expressing MS5 stromal cells and naïve B cells derived from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy human donors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreclinical assessment of pan-influenza A virus CRISPR RNA therapeutics in a human lung alveolus chip.
Lab Chip
September 2025
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
CRISPR technology offers an entirely new approach to therapeutic development because it can target specific nucleotide sequences with high specificity, however, preclinical animal models are not useful for evaluation of their efficacy and potential off-target effects because of high gene sequence variations between animals and humans. Here, we explored the potential of using the CRISPR effector Cas13 to develop a new therapeutic approach for influenza A virus (IAV) infections based on its ability to specifically and robustly cleave single-strand viral RNA using a complementary CRISPR RNA (crRNA). We engineered crRNAs to target highly conserved regions in the IAV genome to create a potential pan-viral treatment strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF