Deep Learning and Procrustes Analysis for Early Dysgraphia Risk Detection with a Tablet Application.

Life (Basel)

Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Published: February 2023


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Article Abstract

Dysgraphia is a neurodevelopmental disorder specific to handwriting. Classical diagnosis is based on the evaluation of speed and quality of the final handwritten text: it is therefore delayed as it is conducted only when handwriting is mastered, in addition to being highly language-dependent and not always easily accessible. This work presents a solution able to anticipate dysgraphia screening when handwriting has not been learned yet, in order to prevent negative consequences on the individuals' academic and daily life. To quantitatively measure handwriting-related characteristics and monitor their evolution over time, we leveraged the Play-Draw-Write iPad application to collect data produced by children from the last year of kindergarten through the second year of elementary school. We developed a meta-model based on deep learning techniques (ensemble techniques and Quasi-SVM) which receives as input raw signals collected after a processing phase based on dimensionality reduction techniques (autoencoder and Time2Vec) and mathematical tools for high-level feature extraction (Procrustes Analysis). The final dysgraphia classifier can identify "at-risk" children with 84.62% Accuracy and 100% Precision more than two years earlier than current diagnostic techniques.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054332PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030598DOI Listing

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