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Background: To facilitate the development of clinical reasoning skills in nursing students, educators must possess the ability to teach and evaluate them. This study aimed to describe the development and validation process of an analytic rubric of clinical reasoning skills based on the nursing process in undergraduate nursing students.
Methods: A seven-step method was used for rubric development. The initial validation process of the rubric of clinical reasoning was performed with the participation of key stakeholders to assess its face and content validity as well as applicability in the classroom and bedside. An initial pilot test was performed based on scenario-based examinations in the nursing process training course so that convergent validity was used to show how closely the new scale is related to the previous measure for evaluating students' tasks. Internal consistency and inter-rater correlation coefficient measurement for reliability were assessed.
Results: The rubric to assess clinical reasoning skills was developed into eight categories according to the five stages of the nursing process. Content and face validity of the rubric were done qualitatively and resulted in a clear, simple rubric relevant to clinical reasoning skills assessment. The convergent validity was confirmed by the conventional method. The reliability was approved by a high inter-rater correlation coefficient based on the assessment by two random independent raters.
Conclusion: The clinical reasoning meta-rubric developed in this study meets the purpose of the study. This analytical rubric can be applied to guide teaching and learning as well as evaluate clinical reasoning based on the findings. Testing the applicability confirmed its validity and reliability for assessing clinical reasoning skills in nursing process education during the undergraduate nursing program.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04060-3 | DOI Listing |
Endocr J
September 2025
Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
GPT-4o, a general-purpose large language model, has a Retrieval-Augmented Variant (GPT-4o-RAG) that can assist in dietary counseling. However, research on its application in this field remains lacking. To bridge this gap, we used the Japanese National Examination for Registered Dietitians as a standardized benchmark for evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address:
Introduction: Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are crucial skills for healthcare professionals, particularly in clinical pharmacology, where decision making directly impacts patient care. However, there is a gap in the literature on how to foster these skills effectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map and examine the evidence of authentic learning environments in healthcare education in developing critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills in pharmacology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
September 2025
Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Background: Covid-19 vaccines are updated to match circulating strains based on reasoning that better strain-matched immunogenicity should provide better protection. Randomized evidence with disease endpoints to support strain matching is lacking. We evaluated COVID-19 incidence among adults randomized to a second booster of Prototype or Omicron-based vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChannels (Austin)
December 2025
Biorheology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
The hallmarks of mechanosensitive ion channels have been observed for half a century in various cell lines, although their mechanisms and molecular identities remained unknown until recently. Identification of the bona fide mammalian mechanosensory Piezo channels resulted in an explosion of research exploring the translation of mechanical cues into biochemical signals and dynamic cell morphology responses. One of the Piezo isoforms - Piezo1 - is integral in the erythrocyte (red blood cell; RBC) membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Palliat Med
September 2025
Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California, USA.
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), offers the potential to augment clinical decision-making, including in palliative care pharmacy, where personalized treatment and assessments are important. Despite the growing interest in AI, its role in clinical reasoning within specialized fields such as palliative care remains uncertain. This study examines the performance of four commercial-grade LLMs on a Script Concordance Test (SCT) designed for pharmacy students in a pain and palliative care elective, comparing AI outputs with human learners' performance at baseline.
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