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Vulvar allergic contact dermatitis (vACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (vICD) are common and accompanied by a great burden on the patient's life. We aimed to review the existing literature on vACD and vICD in order to provide a comprehensive reference list of potential vulvar allergens and irritants, as well as to establish the role of patch testing therein. A systematic search was performed in Medline, Embase and Web of Science using a search string based on the PICO-format. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021239527). Multiple allergens were identified and included metals, topical drugs, fragrances, preservatives, cosmetic constituents and rubber components. Not all positive reactions were, however, considered to be relevant. Patch testing is the primary tool for the identification of the causal allergens. Testing with standard series alone was proven to be insufficient. Little information about irritants was found. In the future, additional series and late readings should be considered in standard practice. Studies on vICD are scarce and further research is necessary. More population-based research should be performed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.14258 | DOI Listing |
J Invest Dermatol
September 2025
Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of South California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:
This review examines the roles of galectins, a family of animal lectins, in inflammatory skin diseases, focusing on their involvement in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and common autoimmune diseases. We highlight the differential expression of galectins in lesional skin and their correlation with inflammatory mediators. In addition, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of action of endogenous galectins, as revealed through studies of genetically engineered cell lines and experimental animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Dermatol
September 2025
From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, GMC, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
Eczema Herpeticum (EH) or Kaposi's Varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a severe viral infection that occurs when herpes simplex virus infects an inflamed skin, most often occurring in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) or other inflammatory skin conditions. To discern various primary dermatoses in which KVE occurred and to study the clinical features, course, and response to specific antiviral treatment along with a course of the primary dermatoses during the episode of KVE. Data was collected in the Dermatology Out-patient department of a tertiary care center in Northern India from December 2017 to March 2024, and it was tabulated and analysed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDermatitis
September 2025
From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, India.
Contact dermatitis (CD), which includes both allergic CD and irritant CD, is a common inflammatory condition that can pose significant diagnostic challenges. Although patch testing is the gold standard for identifying causative allergens for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), it is time-consuming, subjective, and requires expert interpretation. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in machine learning (ML) and deep learning, have shown promise in improving the accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility of CD diagnosis and management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContact Dermatitis
September 2025
Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Background: Nickel and cobalt release from tools has recently been evidenced in German hairdressing salons. Comparable data were not available for German barbershops.
Objectives: Screening of tools for nickel and cobalt release.
J Tissue Viability
September 2025
Swedish Centre for Skin and Wound Research (SCENTR), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Skin Integrity Research Group (SKINT), University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine a
Background: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a prevalent and distressing form of irritant contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to urine and/or faeces. Not all incontinent individuals develop IAD, suggesting that additional prognostic factors contribute to its onset. The quality of empirical evidence supporting risk factors for IAD development is moderate to very low.
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