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Heartbeats with different ventricular contractions vary with heart regions, which can be described as anisotropy. Herein, we report self-oscillating gels which exhibit region-dependent anisotropic volumetric oscillation behavior similar to that of the heart. We installed a (Ru(bpy)) gradient transducer on self-oscillating gels by employing slow and unidirectional diffusion in the gels and dipping part of the gel into a Ru(bpy)-NHS solution. We found that the spatial distribution of Ru(bpy) in the gel caused region-dependent swelling/deswelling behavior depending on the redox state. We also confirmed that gel regions with smaller Ru(bpy) amounts exhibit lower amplitudes than those with larger amounts of Ru(bpy) during the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. These results are important in the design of self-oscillating soft actuators or machines, such as a biomimetic pump with desirable anisotropic oscillating behavior.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2tb01838a | DOI Listing |
Sci Technol Adv Mater
May 2025
Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Active matter, characterized by its ability to exhibit autonomous and dynamic behavior, has emerged as a promising platform for mimicking complex biological processes. In biological systems, electrochemical signaling plays a vital role in regulating their dynamic processes, such as muscle contraction. Drawing inspiration from these mechanisms, we demonstrate that electrochemical signaling can effectively modulate the autonomous motion of self-oscillating gels (SOGs), a model active matter system driven by the Belousov - Zhabotinsky reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGels
December 2024
Center for Nonlinear Chemistry, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo Street, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia.
In the original publication [...
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGels
November 2024
Center for Nonlinear Chemistry, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo Street, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia.
For the first time, we introduced chemomechanical self-oscillating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based gels containing catalytically active Fe or Ru complexes both as crosslinkers and as pendant groups. All the obtained gels exhibited sustained autonomous oscillations driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction within their structure. The Ru complex-based gels also demonstrated pronounced chemomechanical oscillations; they periodically swelled/shrunk when the catalyst was reduced/oxidized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGels
August 2024
Center for Nonlinear Chemistry, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo Street, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia.
We report the synthesis of novel cobalt complexes-based catalysts designed for the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. For the first time, we introduce cobalt complex-based self-oscillating gels that demonstrate autonomous color oscillations within a BZ reagent solution, functioning without the need for any external stimuli. We created acrylamide-based self-oscillating gels containing immobilized tris(2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(II) or tris(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II) complexes and gels containing covalently bound (5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline)bis(2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(II), (5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline)bis(1,10-phenanthroline) cobalt(II), or tris(5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II) complexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
July 2024
Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Self-oscillating gel systems exhibiting an expanded operating temperature and accompanying functional adaptability are showcased. The developed system contains nonthermoresponsive main-monomers, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) or acrylamide (AAm) or 3-(methacryloylamino)propyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC). The gels volumetrically self-oscillate within the range of the conventional (20.
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