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LIM domain kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2) regulate actin dynamics and subsequently key cellular functions such as proliferation and migration. LIMK1 and LIMK2 phosphorylate and inactivate cofilin leading to increased actin polymerization. As a result, LIMK inhibitors are emerging as a promising treatment strategy for certain cancers and neurological disorders. High-quality chemical probes are required if the role of these kinases in health and disease is to be understood. To that end, we report the results of a comparative assessment of 17 reported LIMK1/2 inhibitors in a variety of enzymatic and cellular assays. Our evaluation has identified three compounds (TH-257, LIJTF500025, and LIMKi3) as potent and selective inhibitors suitable for use as and pharmacological tools for the study of LIMK function in cell biology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00751 | DOI Listing |
ACS Chem Biol
May 2025
Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Benzoxazepinones have been extensively studied as exclusively selective RIP kinase 1 inhibitors. This scaffold binds to an allosteric pocket created by an αC-out/DFG-out conformation. This inactive conformation results in a large expansion of the kinase back pocket, a conformation that has also been reported for LIM kinases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
January 2025
Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
LIMKs are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases responsible for controlling cytoskeletal dynamics as key regulators of actin stability, ensuring synaptic health through normal synaptic bouton structure and function. However, LIMK1 overactivation results in abnormal dendritic synaptic development that characterizes the pathogenesis of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). As a result, the development of LIMK inhibitors represents an emerging disease-modifying therapeutic approach for FXS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
November 2022
Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France.
Ph+ () B-ALL was considered to be high risk, but recent advances in -targeting TKIs has shown improved outcomes in combination with backbone chemotherapy. Nevertheless, new treatment strategies are needed, including approaches without chemotherapy for elderly patients. LIMK1/2 acts downstream from various signaling pathways, which modifies cytoskeleton dynamics via phosphorylation of cofilin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
October 2022
Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
LIM domain kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2) regulate actin dynamics and subsequently key cellular functions such as proliferation and migration. LIMK1 and LIMK2 phosphorylate and inactivate cofilin leading to increased actin polymerization. As a result, LIMK inhibitors are emerging as a promising treatment strategy for certain cancers and neurological disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
October 2022
Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
LIMKs are important regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics, and they play essential roles in many cellular processes. Deregulation of LIMKs has been linked to the development of diverse diseases, including cancers and cognitive disabilities, but well-characterized inhibitors known as chemical probes are still lacking. Here, we report the characterization of three highly selective LIMK1/2 inhibitors covering all canonical binding modes (type I/II/III) and the structure-based design of the type II/III inhibitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF