Ca(ClO) pretreatment enhancing suspended solids removal through flocculation from digested dairy wastewater and its mechanisms.

Intensive animal farming produces large volume of digested liquid, and overdose application often causes the pollution of surface water and groundwater. Therefore, post-treatment is very necessary for the discharging of surplus digested liquid, but the removal of high concentrations of suspended solids (SS) in the digested liquid is a challenge. In this study, the effect of Ca(ClO) pretreatment on SS flocculation removal of digested dairy wastewater was investigated. The results showed that, without Ca(ClO) pretreatment, the flocculation by polyacrylamide (PAM), polyferric sulfate (PFS) or polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) only removed 42.6 %-50.4 % SS from anaerobic digested liquid. With the combination of Ca(ClO) pretreatment and PAC flocculation together, the SS removal efficiency can reach 80 %. The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal had a similar trend with SS removal, but soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal was less affected by the pretreatment and flocculation. More than 75 % of orthophosphate (SRP) and total soluble phosphorus (TSP) was removed after Ca(ClO) pretreatment and flocculation with PFS or PAC. Ca(ClO) pretreatment also effectively inactivated fecal bacteria. The mechanisms of Ca(ClO) pretreatment enhancing SS flocculation removal were further elucidated. The SS removal was the action of ClO and Ca together. The function of ClO was to break down suspended particles, change the surface, and decrease the absolute Zeta potential, while the function of Ca was to form precipitation. This result indicates that Ca(ClO) pretreatment can effectively enhance the SS flocculation removal of anaerobic digested liquid.