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Regulatory T (Treg) cells are required for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing the development of autoimmune diseases. However, Treg cells are abundant in tumors and suppress antitumor immunity, contributing to tumor development and growth. Thus, the selective deletion of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells is important for successful Treg cell-targeted therapies, providing effective antitumor immunity without inducing deleterious autoimmune disorders. Advancements in sequencing technologies have exposed the diversity and heterogeneity of human Treg cells during activation and differentiation, further emphasizing the importance of understanding tumor-infiltrating Treg cells for the development of Treg cell-targeted therapies. This review provides an overview of the classification and function of Treg cells and summarizes recent knowledge on the activation and differentiation of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202149358 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Med
November 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Host-pathogen interactions involve two critical strategies: resistance, whereby hosts clear invading microbes, and tolerance, whereby hosts carry high pathogen burden asymptomatically. Here, we investigate mechanisms by which Salmonella-superspreader (SSP) hosts maintain an asymptomatic state during chronic infection. We found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for this disease-tolerant state, limiting intestinal immunopathology and enabling SSP hosts to thrive, while facilitating Salmonella transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol J
September 2025
Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating haematological malignancies, resulting in multiple regulatory approvals. However, there is a need for robust manufacturing platforms and the use of GMP-aligned reagents to meet the clinical and commercial demands. This study investigates the impact of serum/xeno-free medium (SXFM) and cytokine supplementation on CAR-T cell production in static and agitated culture systems, using 24-well plate G-Rex vessels and 500 mL stirred tank bioreactors (STRs), respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJCI Insight
September 2025
Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, and.
Steroid-refractory gut acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-Gut-aGVHD) is the major cause of nonrelapse death after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. High numbers of donor-type IL-22+ T cells, IL-22-dependent dysbiosis, and loss of antiinflammatory CX3CR1hi mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) play critical roles in SR-Gut-aGVHD pathogenesis. CEACAM1 on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is proposed to regulate bacterial translocation and subsequent immune responses in the intestine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Immunol
September 2025
Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Paediatrics and Immunology. Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid. Spain.
Introduction: Although Coeliac disease (CD) current and only treatment is a life-long strict gluten free diet (GFD), some patients suffer from persistent duodenal lesions despite years into the diet. Hence, we aimed to study the effect that the GFD elicits on the mucosal immune infiltrate from these patients.
Method: To that end, duodenal biopsies were collected from non-coeliac controls and CD patients, both at diagnosis and after at least one year into the GFD.
Bioimpacts
August 2025
Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). CD4 CD25 Tregs, which normally suppress immune responses, exhibit impaired function in MS. Treg-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry immunoregulatory proteins and miRNAs that modulate T-cell activity.
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