Shared Transdiagnostic Neuroanatomical Signatures Across First-episode Patients with Major Psychiatric Diseases and Individuals at Familial Risk.

Background: Nowadays, increasing evidence has found transdiagnostic neuroimaging biomarkers across major psychiatric disorders (MPDs). However, it remains to be known whether this transdiagnostic pattern of abnormalities could also be seen in individuals at familial high-risk for MPDs (FHR). We aimed to examine shared neuroanatomical endophenotypes and protective biomarkers for MPDs.

Methods: This study examined brain grey matter volume (GMV) of individuals by voxel-based morphometry method. A total of 287 individuals were included, involving 100 first-episode medication-naive MPDs, 87 FHR, and 110 healthy controls (HC). They all underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: At the group level, we found MPDs were characterized by decreased GMV in the right fusiform gyrus, the right inferior occipital gyrus, and the left anterior and middle cingulate gyri compared to HC and FHR. Of note, the GMV of the left superior temporal gyrus was increased in FHR relative to MPDs and HC. At the subgroup level, the comparisons within the FHR group did not return any significant difference, and we found GMV difference among subgroups within the MPDs group only in the opercular part of the right inferior frontal gyrus.

Conclusion: Together, our findings uncover common structural disturbances across MPDs and substantial changes in grey matter that may relate to high hereditary risk across FHR, potentially underscoring the importance of a transdiagnostic way to explore the neurobiological mechanisms of major psychiatric disorders.