Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Macrophage Function in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that plays a vital role in immune system regulation. Recently, the regulation of macrophage function by HS has been extensively and actively recognized. The mechanisms by which endogenous HS controls macrophage function have attracted increasing attention. The generation of endogenous HS from macrophages is mainly catalyzed by cystathionine-γ-lyase. HS is involved in the macrophage activation and inflammasome formation, which contributes to macrophage apoptosis, adhesion, chemotaxis, and polarization. In addition, HS has redox ability and interacts with reactive oxygen species to prevent oxidative stress. Moreover, HS epigenetically regulates gene expression. In this article, the generation of endogenous HS in macrophages and its regulatory effect on macrophage function are reviewed. In addition, the signal transduction targeting macrophages by HS is also addressed. Finally, the potential therapeutic effect of HS on macrophages is discussed. Further experiments are required to explore the involvement of endogenous HS in the regulation of macrophage function in various physiological and pathophysiological processes and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Regarding the clinical translation of HS, further exploration of the application of HS in inflammation-related diseases is needed. 38, 45-56.