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Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as phosgene and nerve agents pose serious threats to our lives and public security, but no tools can simultaneously screen multiple CWAs in seconds. Here, we rationally designed a robust sensing platform based on 8-cyclohexanyldiamino-BODIPY (BODIPY-DCH) to monitor diverse CWAs in different emission channels. -cyclohexanyldiamine as the reactive site provides optimal geometry and high reactivity, allowing -BODIPY-DCH to detect CWAs with a quick response and high sensitivity, while -BODIPY-DCH has much weaker reactivity to CWAs due to intramolecular H-bonding. Upon reaction with phosgene, -BODIPY-DCH was rapidly converted to imidazolone BODIPY (<3 s), triggering green fluorescence with good sensitivity (LOD = 0.52 nM). -BODIPY-DCH coupled with nerve agent mimics, affording a blue fluorescent 8-amino-BODIPY tautomer. Furthermore, a portable test kit using -BODIPY-DCH displayed an instant response and low detection limits for multiple CWAs. This platform enables rapid and highly sensitive visual screening of various CWAs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sc00299j | DOI Listing |
Talanta
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection, 102205, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs), including G-agents, EGA (ethyltabun, phosphonamidic acid, P-cyano-N,N-diethyl-, ethyl ester) and V-agents, VM (O-ethyl S-(2-diethylaminoethyl) phosphonothiolate), are highly toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) with severe risks to human health and environmental security. This study proposes a chemometric-driven framework for forensic tracing of their synthetic pathways using high-resolution GC × GC-TOFMS. By integrating advanced statistical analysis, we identified 160 synthesis-associated chemical attribution signatures (CAS) for EGA and 138 process-specific CAS for VM, with 11 overlapping markers, including ethoxyphosphates and diethylaminoethylamine derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Res
September 2025
Department of Law, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
The detection and identification of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) present challenges in emergency response scenarios and for safety and security applications. This study presents the development and validation of an innovative analytical method using a gas chromatography (GC) and quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor for the detection of stimulants for six CWAs. Following the guidelines of the European Network of Forensic Science Institute (ENFSI) and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808, the analytical method was validated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Biol Interact
October 2025
Seção de Defesa Química e Biológica (SDQB), Instituto de Defesa Química, Biológica, Radiológica e Nuclear (IDQBRN), Centro Tecnológico do Exército (CTEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:
The misuse of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) remains a global threat, prompting the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to expand its list of controlled substances under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), including carbamates -potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. As an OPCW Designated Laboratory since 2021, IDQBRN/CTEx aims to develop robust methodologies for CWC verification. This study introduces a comprehensive and safe microscale methodology for synthesizing and purifying monoquaternary carbamates (MQC) - direct precursors of OPCW 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
August 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro 100, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Among chemical warfare agents (CWAs), mustard gas (HD) is a lethal blister agent that causes prolonged chemical burns and skin blistering, often without immediate symptoms. HD has been used as a chemical weapon due to its potent toxicity, which becomes more pronounced as temperatures rise after its release in colder conditions. As temperature increases, HD also undergoes more active desorption, making its detection increasingly difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
August 2025
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been a consistent a global concern with regard to both defence and civilian safety. In order to safeguard people from these harmful chemicals, numerous research teams have collaborated with defence organizations to find an advanced technological solution in terms of effectiveness and strength. In this context, porous organic polymers (POPs) have been thoroughly investigated as an ideal option for catalytically detoxifying CWAs by initially capturing them and subsequently transforming them into harmless chemicals.
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