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A few neurotransmitter systems have fascinated the research community, as muchas the opioid system (i.e., opioid ligands and their receptors) [...].
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143373 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103140 | DOI Listing |
Handb Exp Pharmacol
September 2025
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
The μ-opioid receptor (μOR) is the primary drug target of opioid analgesics such as morphine and fentanyl. Activation of μORs in the central nervous system inhibits ascending pain signaling to the cortex, thereby producing analgesic effects. However, the clinical use of opioid analgesics is severely limited by adverse side effects, including respiratory depression, constipation, addiction, and the development of tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerm J
September 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Background: Opioids are highly effective for pain management but carry risks. Naloxone quickly reverses opioid overdoses by blocking opioid receptors in the brain. Despite its effectiveness, naloxone remains underutilized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Life Sci
September 2025
Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
The legalization of cannabis for industrial and medicinal purposes has significantly expanded worldwide. This study delves into the analgesic potential toxicity study of chloroformic extract from the Moroccan L. () cultivar, Khardala (KH extract).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Biosci (Landmark Ed)
August 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. Among the receptors that glutamate interacts with is metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor 2, a Gα-coupled receptor. These receptors are primarily located on glutamatergic nerve terminals and act as presynaptic autoreceptors to produce feedback inhibition of glutamate release.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Med Chem
September 2025
Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China. Electronic address:
Opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed to mitigate pathological pain. In addition to its analgesic effect, this pharmaceutical treatment program is well-known for its ability to induce adverse effects, including opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and analgesic tolerance. Thus, novel effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve opioid analgesia while mitigating side effects to ensure patient safety.
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