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Purpose: As the utilization of oral cancer medications rises, it is vital that cancer centers track costs associated with these expensive medications. This research seeks to report the cost interventions associated with medically integrated pharmacies (MIPs) and mail-order pharmacies.
Methods: Data collection occurred from October 2016 through May 2021. Volunteers input data from their oncology practice into NCODA's Cost Avoidance and Waste Tracker tool, an innovative easy-to use tool that allows practices to document any cost saving interventions or waste occurrences.
Results: The Cost Avoidance and Waste Tracker tool was used by nearly 50 MIPs across the country. Specifically, 26 practices submitted cost avoidance data, and 37 practices tracked waste associated with oral oncolytic therapy. Among the 26 practices, 677 cost avoidance events led to a total cost avoidance of $7,057,053.73 US dollars (USD). The net cost avoidance for the MIP's was $6,510,971.28 USD compared with $546,082.45 USD for the external mail-order pharmacies. Among the 37 practices that reported waste, 768 events were reported, leading to a total drug waste of $11,275,642.16 USD. Of that, $8,935,612.15 USD was attributed waste from external mail-order pharmacies, whereas $2,429,592.01 USD worth of drug waste was reported from MIPs.
Conclusion: Medically integrated dispensing of oral oncolytic therapies allows for increased pharmacy oversight, leading to increased cost avoidance and reduced waste for patients and third-party payers. Although these data are difficult to compare because of the complexity of workflows at different dispensing sites, the real-world financial differences between medically integrated dispensing and mail-order pharmacies appear to be significant.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/OP.22.00022 | DOI Listing |
Neural Netw
September 2025
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, 15588, South Korea. Electronic address:
In 6G mobile communication systems, various AI-based network functions and applications have been standardized. Federated learning (FL) is adopted as the core learning architecture for 6G systems to avoid privacy leakage from mobile user data. However, in FL, users with non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) datasets can deteriorate the performance of the global model because the convergence direction of the gradient for each dataset is different, thereby inducing a weight divergence problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterv Neuroradiol
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
IntroductionVenous sinus stenting (VSS) is an effective, less invasive alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). While efficacy is comparable, with some evidence favoring VSS for headache control, perioperative costs remain under-characterized due to reliance on reimbursement rates rather than actual expenditures.ObjectiveTo compare the perioperative cost of elective VSS and VPS for IIH, including outpatient workup and follow-up costs, using detailed institutional cost data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJB JS Open Access
September 2025
Exeter Hip Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK.
Background: Revision hip arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss and a subsequent need for blood transfusion. Intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) is a method of recovering a patient's blood for autologous transfusion. This potentially reduces the need for allogenic blood transfusion (ABT), thus avoiding associated risk and expense.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Neuropsychol Child
September 2025
Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Sensory processing (SP) difficulties, such as heightened sensitivity to sensory input, have been linked to prolonged recovery and persistent post-concussive symptoms in adults following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, research on SP across different sensory inputs after pediatric mTBI is limited. This study examined SP patterns in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years with mTBI at 2 weeks and 6 months post-injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolicy optimization methods are promising to tackle high-complexity reinforcement learning (RL) tasks with multiple agents. In this article, we derive a general trust region for policy optimization methods by considering the effect of subpolicy combinations among agents in multiagent environments. Based on this trust region, we propose an inductive objective to train the policy function, which can ensure agents learn monotonically improving policies.
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