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The azaindole (AI) framework continues to play a significant role in the design of new antiviral agents. Modulating the position and isosteric replacement of the nitrogen atom of AI analogs notably influences the intrinsic physicochemical properties of lead compounds. The intra- and intermolecular interactions of AI derivatives with host receptors or viral proteins can also be fine tuned by carefully placing the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic core. This wide-ranging perspective article focuses on AIs that have considerable utility in drug discovery programs against RNA viruses. The inhibition of influenza A, human immunodeficiency, respiratory syncytial, neurotropic alpha, dengue, ebola, and hepatitis C viruses by AI analogs is extensively reviewed to assess their plausible future potential in antiviral drug discovery. The binding interaction of AIs with the target protein is examined to derive a structural basis for designing new antiviral agents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00444 | DOI Listing |
N Engl J Med
September 2025
Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali.
Background: On September 27, 2024, Rwanda reported an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD), after a cluster of cases of viral hemorrhagic fever was detected at two urban hospitals.
Methods: We report key aspects of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of MVD during this outbreak, as well as the overall response to the outbreak. We performed a retrospective epidemiologic and clinical analysis of data compiled across all pillars of the outbreak response and a case-series analysis to characterize clinical features, disease progression, and outcomes among patients who received supportive care and investigational therapeutic agents.
Pol Merkur Lekarski
September 2025
LLC "ECOFARM", KYIV, UKRAINE.
Objective: Aim: To consider the specific activity of drops and suppositories of PROTEFLAZID® at the stage of preclinical study, to assess the effectiveness and safety of use in clinical practice in papillomavirus-associated diseases of the female reproductive system..
Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Analysis of scientific publications on the treatment of palilomavirus infection with PROTEFLAZID® in women over the past decade.
Sci Adv
September 2025
Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
(phosphatidylserine synthase 1) encodes an enzyme that facilitates production of phosphatidylserine (PS), which mediates a global immunosuppressive signal. Here, based on in vivo CRISPR screen, we identified PTDSS1 as a target to improve anti-PD-1 therapy. Depletion of in tumor cells increased expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-regulated genes, including , , , and , even in the absence of IFN-γ stimulation in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack predictive biomarkers to guide immunotherapy, especially during early-stage disease. To address this issue, we used single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk transcriptomics, and pathology assays on samples from 171 patients with early-stage TNBC receiving chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy. Our investigation identified an enriched subset of interferon (IFN)-induced CD8 T cells in early TNBC samples, which predict immunotherapy nonresponsiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
September 2025
Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
IFN-β, a type I interferon, has been used as a first-line therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for more than 30 years; however, the cellular and molecular basis of its therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. Here, we first used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for MS, to show that the therapeutic effects of IFN-β were associated with a down-regulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and pathogenic T17 (pT17) cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that genetic knockout of miR-21 directly inhibited pathogenic T17 cell differentiation.
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