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Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewer systems, upstream of a wastewater treatment plant, is an effective approach for understanding potential COVID-19 transmission in communities with higher spatial resolutions. Passive sampling devices provide a practical solution for frequent sampling within sewer networks where the use of autosamplers is not feasible. Currently, the design of upstream sampling is impeded by limited understanding of the fate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewers and the sensitivity of passive samplers for the number of infected individuals in a catchment. In this study, passive samplers containing electronegative membranes were applied for at least 24-h continuous sampling in sewer systems. When monitoring SARS-CoV-2 along a trunk sewer pipe, we found RNA signals decreased proportionally to increasing dilutions, with non-detects occurring at the end of pipe. The passive sampling membranes were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 shed by >2 COVID-19 infection cases in 10,000 people. Moreover, upstream monitoring in multiple sewersheds using passive samplers identified the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater one week ahead of clinical reporting and reflected the spatiotemporal spread of a COVID-19 cluster within a city. This study provides important information to guide the development of wastewater surveillance strategies at catchment and subcatchment levels using different sampling techniques.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118481 | DOI Listing |
Overview: We analysed Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) data, predominantly for National Immunisation Program funded vaccines, as at 2 April 2023 for children, adolescents and adults, focusing on the calendar year 2022 and on trends from previous years. This report aims to provide comprehensive analysis and interpretation of vaccination coverage data to inform immunisation policy and programs.
Children: Fully vaccinated coverage in Australian children in 2022 was 0.
JMIR Form Res
September 2025
Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States, 1 203-887-8857.
Background: Rates of loneliness have risen sharply since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, largely due to disruptions in social relationships and daily routines, with college students experiencing some of the greatest increases. While prevention programs targeting loneliness have been developed, their success has been limited. One promising approach may lie in enhancing the quality of existing relationships rather than simply increasing social interactions during periods of acute loneliness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLOS Glob Public Health
September 2025
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Built environment surveillance has shown promise for monitoring COVID-19 burden at granular geographic scales, but its utility for surveillance across larger areas and populations is unknown. Our study aims to evaluate the role of built environment detection of SARS-CoV-2 for the surveillance of COVID-19 across broad geographies and populations. We conducted a prospective city-wide sampling study to examine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 on floors and COVID-19 burden.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
September 2025
Laboratoy of Virology, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Millions of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests have been performed worldwide during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, using various protocols. This study evaluates the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detectability by RT-PCR at body temperature and analyzes changes in cycle threshold (Ct) values over time. Positive nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR ( = 120) with different Ct values were collected from Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (Madrid, Spain, 2020).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Public Health
August 2025
Epidemiology and Data Management Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Introduction: Immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) elicit a less robust immune response to COVID-19 vaccination than the general US population. Despite millions of IDP at presumed elevated risk, few population-level studies of IDP have been conducted in the Omicron era to evaluate breakthrough infection-related outcomes.
Methods: We followed a prospective cohort of 219 IDP and 63 healthy volunteers (HV) in the USA from April 2021 (Alpha variant peak) to July 2023 (Omicron XBB variant peak).