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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15186 | DOI Listing |
Pediatr Radiol
September 2025
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential tool in the evaluation of pediatric liver disease. However, the unique physiological, anatomical, and behavioral characteristics of pediatric patients present distinct challenges that necessitate tailored imaging strategies. These guidelines, developed by members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Magnetic Resonance and Abdominal Imaging Committees, provide comprehensive recommendations for performing high-quality liver MRI in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Magn Reson Imaging
September 2025
Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Background: Carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of stroke. Non-contrast MR angiography (MRA) using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) may offer potential advantages over 3D time-of-flight (TOF)-MRA for simultaneous visualization of carotid, vertebral, and subclavian arteries, but remains uninvestigated.
Purpose: To determine optimal black blood inversion time (TI) for visualizing the carotid and subclavian arteries using three-dimensional (3D) fast field echo (FFE) Time-SLIP MRA, and to compare its image quality with 3D TOF-MRA.
Cancer
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Tobacco use is the primary contributor to disease and death in the United States, and cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Safe and effective treatments for tobacco dependence exist; however, access to and use of tobacco treatment remains low. The most recent Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services National Coverage Determination requires a shared decision-making visit for lung cancer screening that includes counseling on the importance of maintaining cigarette smoking abstinence if a person formerly smoked; or the importance of smoking cessation if a person currently smokes and, if appropriate, furnishing of information about tobacco-cessation interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comp Eff Res
September 2025
British Heart Foundation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
The first paper of this two-part series critically examined the role of composite endpoints in health technology assessments (HTAs) and outlined strategies for determining whether to employ the composite estimate of treatment effect or disaggregate into the component endpoints of the composite and apply separate treatment effects within a modeling framework. In this second paper, we expand the discussion beyond a pivotal trial and consider the way in which additional evidence from the same indication for different drugs in the same class, or the same drug for different indications, could be employed within HTAs. We offer a continuation of the case study of dapagliflozin for the treatment of heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, where the evidence base was expanded to consider empagliflozin for the same indication, as well as both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comp Eff Res
September 2025
British Heart Foundation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Composite endpoints amalgamate multiple clinical outcomes into a single measure, offering efficiency gains in clinical trials through increased event rates and reduced sample sizes, thus accelerating clinical development and regulatory approval. However, employing composite endpoints introduces complexities into health technology assessments (HTAs), particularly in economic modeling, due to the varying clinical significance and cost implications of the components. In this paper, we explore best modeling practice for HTAs that are based on clinical trials that employ composite endpoints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF