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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.021 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Anal Behav
September 2025
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States of America.
Reward delays are often associated with reduced probability of reward, although standard assessments of delay discounting do not specify degree of reward certainty. Thus, the extent to which estimates of delay discounting are influenced by uncontrolled variance in perceived reward certainty remains unclear. Here we examine 370 participants who were randomly assigned to complete a delay discounting task when reward certainty was either unspecified (n=184) or specified as 100% (n = 186) in the task trials and task instructions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatology
September 2025
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX.
Background: The clinical course and outcomes of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) remain poorly understood. Major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) do not capture the added risk of return to drinking (RTD). We examined the natural history of AH and developed a composite endpoint using a contemporary observational cohort of AH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Biaoxin Science & Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
This study examines China's national standard development from 2001 to 2023. Using machine splitting and location assignment technology, the Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition methods, and traditional and spatial Markov chain estimation methods, we identify the spatiotemporal disparities and dynamic transition characteristics of the contribution levels to national standard development across China's eight comprehensive economic zones. The findings provide a reference for promoting regional coordinated sustainable development and high-quality economic transformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Department of Sports Medicine, Health Sciences University Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye.
Para-athletes may experience psychological challenges such as mobbing and burnout, which can impair their performance, motivation, and well-being. Despite the inclusive goals of the Paralympic Movement, recent evidence suggests that para-athletes are not immune to negative psychosocial experiences. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mobbing exposure and burnout among para-athletes and to identify demographic and psychological predictors of mobbing.
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