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This work presents a revision of the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Articles that were published during the period February 2019-February 2021 are included. The work shows the multiple CE methods that have been developed and applied to analyze different types of molecules in foods. Namely, CE methods have been applied to analyze amino acids, biogenic amines, carbohydrates, chiral compounds, contaminants, DNAs, food additives, heterocyclic amines, lipids, secondary metabolites, peptides, pesticides, phenols, pigments, polyphenols, proteins, residues, toxins, vitamins, small organic and inorganic compounds, as well as other minor compounds. The last results on the use of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing, including recent microchips developments and new applications of CE in Foodomics, are discussed too. The new procedures of CE to investigate food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage and bioactivity are also included in the present review work.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.202100201 | DOI Listing |
J Chromatogr A
September 2025
Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Electrophoretic focusing on an inverse electromigration dispersion profile is a method where the migrating profile focuses and separates the analytes and transports them to the detector. Although so far only a few anionic and cationic electrolyte systems have been reported for this technique, it has proved its separation and concentration power and potential for sensitive and selective analyses of samples with complex matrices, typically without any pretreatment. To extend its applicability, there is need for the design of electrolyte systems covering other pH ranges and potential analyte groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
September 2025
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czechia. Electronic address:
This review article presents an overview of the recent significant developments in the separation and analysis of intact proteins by capillary electromigration methods published in the period mid-2021-end-2024. The topics reported include sample preparation, prevention of protein adsorption on the inner fused silica capillary wall and control of electroosmotic flow, separation and analysis of proteins by distinct capillary electromigration methods, and various detection techniques online and offline coupled with these methods. Moreover, the most significant applications of CE methods in the areas of quality control of protein pharmaceuticals, determination of proteins in complex matrices, study of protein post-translational modifications and peptide mapping, investigation of protein interactions with other biomolecules, and determination of physicochemical characteristics of proteins are presented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr A
August 2025
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China. Electronic address:
While deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as greener alternatives to conventional separation media for capillary electromigration techniques (CE), their compatibility with cyclodextrins (CDs), a key group of pseudo-stationary phases (PSPs) in CE, remains unexplored. In this study, we present the first systematic investigation of CD functionality in a DES-based electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) system. Eight CDs-including three native forms (α-, β-, γ-CD) and five derivatives-were evaluated for their solubility and separation performance toward three groups of complex analytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sep Sci
June 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are widely used to treat cardiovascular collapse during resuscitation with lipid emulsions in the treatment of drug toxicity including local or non-local anesthetics. The effect of the lipid emulsion Intralipid on the vasoconstriction induced by epinephrine or norepinephrine is, however, still unknown. In this study, the interaction of epinephrine and norepinephrine with the intravenous Intralipid emulsion was investigated by capillary electromigration techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
April 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
Several strategies, including UV detection with a diode array detector (DAD), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), derivatization reactions, the use of micelles in the separation buffer, as well as online preconcentration techniques based on pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection (PAEKI), and offline preconcentration using solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns containing quaternary amine groups with a chloride counterion, were investigated for the simultaneous separation and signal amplification of free thyroid hormones (THs) in biological samples. Moreover, a sensitive method for the quantification of THs in selected biological samples using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with LIF detection (MEKC-LIF) was developed. The THs present in biological samples (L-tyrosine, T2, T3, rT3, T4, and DIT) were successfully separated in less than 10 min.
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