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Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause characterized by a wide variety of presentations. Its diagnosis is based on three major criteria: a clinical presentation compatible with sarcoidosis, the presence of non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissue samples, and the exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Many conditions may mimic a sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction. These conditions include infections, neoplasms, immunodeficiencies, and drug-induced diseases. Moreover, patients with sarcoidosis are at risk of developing opportunistic infections or lymphoma. Reliably confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and better identifying new events are major clinical problems in daily practice. To address such issues, we present seven emblematic cases, seen in our department, over a ten-year period along with a literature review about case reports of conditions misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071240 | DOI Listing |
Ann Rheum Dis
September 2025
Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines to standardise screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for CTD-ILD are of high importance for optimised patient care.
Methods: A European Respiratory Society and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology task force committee, composed of pulmonologists, rheumatologists, pathologists, radiologists, methodologists and patient representatives, developed recommendations based on PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) questions with grading of the evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) methodology and complementary narrative questions agreed on by both societies.
Eur Respir J
September 2025
Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines to standardise screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for CTD-ILD are of high importance for optimised patient care.
Methods: A European Respiratory Society and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology task force committee, composed of pulmonologists, rheumatologists, pathologists, radiologists, methodologists and patient representatives, developed recommendations based on PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) questions with grading of the evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) methodology and complementary narrative questions agreed on by both societies.
J Surg Case Rep
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a relatively new classification of head and neck carcinomas that displays histological combinations of multiple different neoplasms. Despite their high-grade appearance, the disease course is often indolent. Here, we report a unique case of HMSC in which a patient with a prior history of sarcoidosis presented with two histologically, and anatomically distinct tumors in the sinonasal tract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dermatolog Treat
December 2025
Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
Purpose: Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem granulomatous disorder characterized histologically by non-caseating granulomas. Despite the availability of various therapeutic options, long-term disease control remains a significant clinical challenge.
Materials And Methods: We report the case of a 55-year-old female diagnosed with sarcoidosis.
Curr Opin Immunol
September 2025
Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology Department, University Hospital Essen, Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany.
Purpose Of Review: Diagnosing sarcoidosis remains challenging. Histology findings and a variable clinical presentation can mimic other infectious, malignant, and autoimmune diseases. This review synthesizes current evidence on histopathology, sampling techniques, imaging modalities, and biomarkers and explores how emerging 'omics' and artificial intelligence tools may sharpen diagnostic accuracy.
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