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Herpes simplex infection remains the third most common cause of esophagitis following gastric reflux disease and candida infection. This disease usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals; however, it has been frequently reported in healthy individuals. We present a case of a 39-year-old man who presented to the ER with symptoms unusual of herpes esophagitis. He was presumed to be immunocompromised due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and chronic alcohol use. Endoscopy revealed features in favor of candidiasis; however, histopathology displayed characteristic features of herpes infection. Herpes esophagitis should thus be suspected in immunocompromised patients with an independent underlying pathology and treated early with antiviral agents like acyclovir to prevent impending complications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15635 | DOI Listing |
Dig Dis Sci
August 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chiba City, 260-8670, Japan.
Background: The causes of most esophageal motility disorders (EMDs) remain unknown. Recent reports have suggested a potential association between the EMD achalasia and varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between various EMDs and VZV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDigestion
July 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Background: Achalasia is a rare primary esophageal motility disorder of the esophageal smooth muscle, characterized by abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and associated with abnormal, spastic, or absent esophageal body peristalsis.
Summary: The primary pathophysiological defect is abnormal esophageal inhibitory nerve function from neuronal death in the esophageal neuronal plexuses and ganglia that control esophageal smooth muscle peristalsis. This is a consequence of an autoimmune cytotoxic insult from molecular mimicry following an intercurrent viral infection, typically herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, human papillomavirus, measles virus, and even the COVID-19 virus.
Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res
June 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Infectious esophagitis is caused by a viral, fungal, or bacterial infection of the esophagus. The most common viral pathogens are cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV); Candida is the most common fungal pathogen. Bacterial esophagitis is rare, typically occurring only in immunocompromised individuals, and is often caused by the reactivation of a latent infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKorean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res
June 2024
Viral infections of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract are not uncommon in clinical practice; however, these are frequently observed in immunocompromised patients and rarely in immunocompetent hosts. Compared with esophagitis, which may be associated with clinically significant outcomes, the stomach is a relatively rare site for opportunistic infections in immunocompetent patients. The most common clinically relevant upper GI tract viral infections include cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex virus infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Case Rep
May 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
BACKGROUND Patients with HIV/AIDS can develop opportunistic infections of the esophagus. While Candida frequently causes infectious esophagitis in this population, other opportunistic infections, like cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, can cause esophagitis, and in some cases, esophageal ulcers. Less frequent opportunistic infections of the esophagus include histoplasmosis.
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