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Esophageal pathologies encountered on fluoroscopic examination may pose a diagnostic challenge to the interpreting Radiologist. Understanding the varied imaging appearances of esophageal pathology requires a thorough understanding of barium esophagography. This article reviews the various fluoroscopic imaging findings of different esophageal pathologies by describing an approach to image interpretation centered on dots, lines, contours, and ends. By utilizing this approach, the Radiologist will be better positioned to reconcile seemingly disparate pathologies into a cogent and succinct differential diagnosis.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187835 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100361 | DOI Listing |
Top Cogn Sci
September 2025
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University.
Are people able to tell apart a random configuration of lines and dots from a work of art? Previous studies have shown that untrained viewers can distinguish between abstract art made by professional artists, children, or apes. Pieces made by artists were perceived as more intentionally made and organized than the rest. However, these studies used paintings by prominent abstract artists (e.
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August 2025
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
The aim of this research was to prepare a different particle sizes of zinc oxide nanostructures by two different methods. The zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) was successfully prepared by a green synthesis technique but the zinc oxide quantum dot (ZnO QD) was successfully prepared by a chemical method. The structure, composition and morphology of the prepared different shapes of ZnO nanostructures have been characterized by the means of X-ray diffractograms (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
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August 2025
Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
Developing a cost-effective synthesis route for NiO at room temperature with a low calcination temperature (∼200 °C) remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel, eco-friendly approach for synthesizing zero-dimensional NiO quantum dots (QDs) via a simple coprecipitation method using minimal reagents and energy-efficient processing. The resulting NiO QDs are obtained in powder form, enabling easy handling, storage, and integration into various applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Nanomedicine
August 2025
Biomedical Physics Laboratory of National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising tool that utilizes photosensitizers (PS) for two functions: cancer imaging by fluorescence (diagnostics), and treatment by the generation of reactive oxygen species (therapy). Despite its theranostic approach, the efficacy of PDT is often hampered by limited penetration of light into tissues, tumor heterogeneity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, diagnostics and treatment are activated simultaneously, without the possibility of switching between two processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Oncol
August 2025
Smt. Kishoritai, Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441002, India.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and resistant to treatment types of brain cancer; hence, new therapeutic approaches are required. Recent advances in nanomedicine have positioned graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and multifunctional capabilities. This review examines how GQDs can be included in multifunctional nanocomposites and how they might be used to diagnose and treat GBM.
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