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Visualization of virus-infected cells is usually performed by immunostaining with an antiviral antibody. On the other hand, we established an easy method for fluorescence (FL) imaging of cells infected with influenza A and B viruses and some paramyxoviruses without the need for cell fixation and an antiviral antibody. These viruses and the cells they have infected express the viral surface enzyme "neuraminidase" or "hemagglutinin-neuraminidase" that shows sialidase activity. Sialidase activity is fluorescently visualized by using a sialidase fluorogenic probe developed in our previous study. The probe enables histochemical FL imaging of the virus-infected cells and is applicable to virus isolation and detection of an influenza virus resistant to antiinfluenza drugs of sialidase inhibitors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1258-3_13 | DOI Listing |
Vet Microbiol
September 2025
Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China. Electronic address:
H9N2 influenza virus, a prevalent influenza A virus, causes acute lung injury through mitochondrial damage associated with oxidative stress. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca permeable non-selective cation channel that can trigger oxidative stress via Ca overload. Excessive ROS generation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxides accumulation, contributing to ferroptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Biol Med (Maywood)
September 2025
The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Natural Killer (NK) cells are integral components of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected cells. They may play a crucial role in the immune response and contribute to the complications associated with Single Ventricle/Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (SV/HLHS). Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), NK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed in three de-identified SV/HLHS cases and three healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Biodivers
August 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
The continual emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, as well as unwanted side effects, limited worldwide availability, and risk of drug resistance from approved antivirals, continue to limit the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 treatment. To continue to uncover natural products (NPs) that can inhibit validated biochemical targets of coronaviruses, we focused on a subset of brown algae extracts from Puerto Rico that demonstrated potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through selective disruption of the viral Spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cellular entry receptor, which in turn led to further evaluation of a Lobophora variegata organic extract. Employing bioassay-guided fractionation and modern NPs dereplication tools, we quickly identified fucoxanthin as an active constituent with selective inhibitory activity against spike-RBD/ACE-2 binding while also exhibiting moderate potency in vitro toward pseudo-virus-infected VERO cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
August 2025
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Pathogenesis Research, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Respiratory tract infections, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and COVID-19, remain a persistent threat to global public health due to their high transmissibility and disease burden. Vaccination, as a key preventive strategy, not only reduces the risk of infection but also blocks transmission by activating adaptive immunity. While traditional vaccine evaluations have primarily focused on humoral immunity, growing evidence highlights the critical role of T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity in clearing virus-infected cells, establishing long-term immune memory, and responding to viral mutations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Physiol Biochem
August 2025
Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
Exercise and fasting, by activating hypothalamic neurons, lead to appetite regulation, increased energy efficiency, increased brown fat cells, and weight loss. Additionally, fasting and exercise affect brain plasticity and cognitive function by reducing oxidative brain damage and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), potentially reducing the risk of neurological diseases. In humans, these lifestyle interventions can also modulate autophagy and apoptosis in lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, which play an important role in fighting cancer and virus-infected cells.
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