Imaging features of microwave-ablated lesions of the VX2 tumors in rabbit lungs on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images and their correlations with pathological examination.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the accuracy of different imaging methods for lesion volume estimation pre- and post-microwave ablation (MWA) as compared with that of pathological examination.

Methods: We used the VX2 cell line to establish the VX2 lung tumor model in rabbits, followed by MWA of the tumor. The imaging features of the VX2 tumors were documented. The volume of the tumors and the ablated lesions were measured and compared across imaging methods, using the pathological examination as reference.

Results: Tumors were successfully developed in 11 rabbits (age, 13.91 ± 1.38 weeks; weight, 2.15 ± 0.56 kg). The mean volume of the tumors was 2.05 ± 1.88 cm. CT showed the strongest correlation with the pathologic examination results ( = 0.998, <.001). MWA created three-layered structures that were delineated on MRI. The mean volume of the post-ablation lesion was 10.39 ± 8.93 cm, and the measurement of the post-ablation volume on 3D-VIBE-T1WI showed the strongest correlation with the pathologic examination results ( = 0.991, <.001).

Conclusion: Both CT and MRI are capable of depicting lung tumors. In terms of post-ablation evaluation, MR images could provide more versatile information. The 3D-VIBE-T1WI sequence provides more precise lesion volume evaluation after ablation compared with other methods.