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Glycolipids are complex glycoconjugates composed of a glycan headgroup and a lipid moiety. Their modular biosynthesis creates a vast amount of diverse and often isomeric structures, which fulfill highly specific biological functions. To date, no gold-standard analytical technique can provide a comprehensive structural elucidation of complex glycolipids, and insufficient tools for isomer distinction can lead to wrong assignments. Herein we use cryogenic gas-phase infrared spectroscopy to systematically investigate different kinds of isomerism in immunologically relevant glycolipids. We show that all structural features, including isomeric glycan headgroups, anomeric configurations and different lipid moieties, can be unambiguously resolved by diagnostic spectroscopic fingerprints in a narrow spectral range. The results allow for the characterization of isomeric glycolipid mixtures and biological applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21480-1 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem Lett
September 2025
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
The electron-deficient oxidant 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) has recently emerged as a promising visible-light photoredox catalyst. However, its excited-state behavior remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited DDQ in acetonitrile using transient electronic and infrared absorption spectroscopy, supported by quantum chemical calculations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Sports Physiol Perform
September 2025
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Purpose: This study explored the acute physiological effects of different eccentric tempos, explosive speed (EXP), volitional speed, and 4-second tempo during 5 sets of velocity-based squat training.
Methods: Twelve healthy males performed parallel squats under 3 eccentric conditions using a randomized crossover design. Each session included 5 sets at a relative load, initiated with a concentric mean velocity of 0.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform
September 2025
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Purpose: To assess the association between skeletal-muscle endurance performance and mitochondrial oxidative capacity of the hamstrings as respectively measured by biomechanical and physiological standards.
Methods: Nineteen (12 men and 7 women) healthy, young, recreationally active participants enrolled in our study. Participant characteristics comprised a mean and SD age of 21.
Proc Biol Sci
September 2025
School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China.
Between the third and sixth centuries AD (Anno Domini), the Xianbei emerged as a dominant nomadic power in the Eastern Eurasian Steppe, distinguished by their exceptional equestrian culture and the pivotal role of cavalry in warfare. Despite their historical significance, detailed knowledge of their cavalry's weaponry and equipment-particularly armour-remains fragmentary. As a critical element of military technology, armour offers valuable insights into ancient combat strategies and cultural practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrovasc Res
September 2025
Applied Human Health and Physical Function Laboratory, University of Mississippi, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University, MS, USA.
Unlabelled: Sex differences in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) reactive hyperemia outcomes have been previously reported, with females generally having a lower reperfusion slope. Sex differences have also been reported for adipose tissue thickness (ATT), which affects the NIRS signal, and desaturation during occlusion, which may act on reperfusion slopes. We aimed to compare statistically adjusted and unadjusted sex differences in reperfusion slope during reactive hyperemia.
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