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For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential. In addition to respiratory, fecal-oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via surfaces plays a vital role for human pathogenic infections-especially nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, information about the survival of pathogens on surfaces can have direct implications on clinical measures, including hygiene guidelines and disinfection strategies. In this review, we reviewed the existing literature regarding viral, bacterial, and fungal persistence on inanimate surfaces. In particular, the current knowledge of the survival time and conditions of clinically relevant pathogens is summarized. While many pathogens persist only for hours, common nosocomial pathogens can survive for days to weeks under laboratory conditions and thereby potentially form a continuous source of transmission if no adequate inactivation procedures are performed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020343 | DOI Listing |
J Med Virol
August 2025
Koç University İş Bank Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Koç Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
The Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) presents a serious public health challenge, with a case fatality rate reaching 40% among hospitalized patients and an estimated three billion people at risk globally. Recognized as the first virus on the World Health Organization's (WHO) Blueprint priority diseases list, CCHFV demands urgent and focused intervention. Despite extensive research on various viral agents, there remain significant gaps in understanding how long CCHFV can survive on different surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Resist Infect Control
August 2025
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Background: Bacterial contamination of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) poses a significant risk for cross-transmission, potentially leading to infections in vulnerable neonates. Key pathogens involved in NICU-acquired infections such as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. are collectively known as ESKAPE pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
August 2025
Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
Germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) is gaining attention for air disinfection, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. GUV air cleaning devices use 222 or 254 nm light to remove airborne and surface pathogens from indoor environments, although their impact on indoor chemistry has received limited attention. This modeling study investigates the impact of GUV light on indoor air pollutant concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroPubl Biol
July 2025
Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Frederick, MD.
The ability of phytopathogenic bacteria to survive desiccation on inanimate substrates has important implications for managing potential contamination and resulting bacterial spread during both real-world horticultural operations and laboratory experimentation. Here we demonstrate that and are all capable of surviving desiccation on both polystyrene plastic and glass surfaces and that the likelihood of survival increases with increasing initial bacterial concentration. was recovered at higher frequencies from plastic than from glass, while the other species were recovered at roughly equal frequencies from each surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Resist Infect Control
July 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
Background: This study evaluates the efficacy of dry-fogged hydrogen peroxide (dHP) as an "untact" room disinfection automation system (URDAS) for rapid terminal room decontamination.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a university-affiliated hospital in Korea. After patient discharge, dHP technology was used to decontaminate single rooms.