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Tissue-resident memory T cells are important in adaptive immunity against many infections, rendering these cells attractive potential targets in vaccine development. Genetic and experimental evidence highlights the importance of cellular immunity in protection from Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, yet skin-resident memory T cells are, thus far, an untested component of immunity during such infections. Novel methods of generating and sampling vaccine-induced skin memory T cells are paralleled by discoveries of global, skin-wide immunosurveillance. We propose skin-resident memory CD4 T cells as a potential missing link in the search for correlates of protection during S. aureus infections. A better appreciation of their phenotypes and functions could accelerate the development of preventive vaccines against this highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant pathogen.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.11.005 | DOI Listing |
Neurochem Res
September 2025
International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
The concept of the central nervous system (CNS) reserve emerged from the mismatch often observed between the extent of brain pathology and its clinical manifestations. The cognitive reserve reflects an "active" capacity, driven by the plasticity of CNS cellular components and shaped by experience, learning, and memory processes that increase resilience. We propose that neuroglial cells are central to defining this resilience and cognitive reserve.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
Innate immune cells can acquire a memory phenotype, termed trained immunity, but the mechanism underlying the regulation of trained immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of Aurora kinase A (AurA) dampens trained immunity induced by β-glucan. ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis reveal that AurA inhibition restricts chromatin accessibility of genes associated with inflammatory pathways such as JAK-STAT, TNF, and NF-κB pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
September 2025
Corner Therapeutics, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.
Unlabelled: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary inducers of immunity induced by infection or vaccination. To stimulate durable T cell-mediated immunity, multiple DC activities are required. DCs must present antigen, express costimulatory molecules, and secrete inflammatory cytokines to direct T cell activation.
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September 2025
Bacterial Scientific Area, GSK Vaccine, Siena, Italy.
Background: Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines rely on the induction of T-cell-dependent responses that support germinal center (GC) reactions to potentiate the expansion of antigen-specific memory B-cell (MBC) populations and high-avidity antibody responses. The effects of adjuvants on B-cell and antibody responses are well described for protein antigens but remain largely unexplored for conjugated polysaccharidic antigens.
Methods: We assessed the effects of five adjuvants present in licensed vaccines (AS01, AS03, AS04, and aluminum hydroxide [Alum]) or under clinical evaluation (AS37) on the magnitude and quality of antigen-specific antibody responses and local/systemic B-cell responses.
Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a significant clinical syndrome and neuroinflammation is an important pathological process. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as a Zn2+-dependent matrix enzyme, not only maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and synaptic plasticity, but also plays a key regulatory factor in peripheral and central nervous inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MMP9-mediated microglial polarization on surgery-induced neuroinflammation in aged rats and to provide novel targets for prevention and treatment of PND.
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