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Previous studies have reported that some objects evoke a sense of local three-dimensional space (space-defining; SD), while others do not (space-ambiguous; SA), despite being imagined or viewed in isolation devoid of a background context. Moreover, people show a strong preference for SD objects when given a choice of objects with which to mentally construct scene imagery. When deconstructing scenes, people retain significantly more SD objects than SA objects. It, therefore, seems that SD objects might enjoy a privileged role in scene construction. In the current study, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to compare the neural responses to SD and SA objects while they were being used to build imagined scene representations, as this has not been examined before using neuroimaging. On each trial, participants gradually built a scene image from three successive auditorily-presented object descriptions and an imagined 3D space. We then examined the neural dynamics associated with the points during scene construction when either SD or SA objects were being imagined. We found that SD objects elicited theta changes relative to SA objects in two brain regions, the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). Furthermore, using dynamic causal modeling, we observed that the vmPFC drove STG activity. These findings may indicate that SD objects serve to activate schematic and conceptual knowledge in vmPFC and STG upon which scene representations are then built.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.592175 | DOI Listing |
Nat Neurosci
September 2025
Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
Grid cells, with their periodic firing fields, are fundamental units in neural networks that perform path integration. It is widely assumed that grid cells encode movement in a single, global reference frame. In this study, by recording grid cell activity in mice performing a self-motion-based navigation task, we discovered that grid cells did not have a stable grid pattern during the task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Centre for Astrophysics Research (CAR), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest and densest stellar systems in the Universe, yet how they form remains a mystery. Here we present a suite of cosmological simulations in which both dark-matter-free GCs and dark-matter-rich dwarf galaxies naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology. We show that these objects inhabit distinct locations in the size-luminosity plane and that they have similar ages, age spread, metallicity and metallicity spread to globulars and dwarfs in the nearby Universe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States,
In the hippocampal formation, cholinergic modulation from the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) is known to correlate with the speed of an animal's movements at sub-second timescales and also supports spatial memory formation. Yet, the extent to which sub-second cholinergic dynamics, if at all, align with transient behavioral and cognitive states supporting the encoding of novel spatial information remains unknown. In this study, we used fiber photometry to record the temporal dynamics in the population activity of septo-hippocampal cholinergic neurons at sub-second resolution during a hippocampus-dependent object location memory task using ChAT-Cre mice of both sexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Med J
September 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
Background: Civilians in South Africa experience a high incidence of crush injury, or traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Community assault (CA) is a common mechanism of crush injury in South Africa, where victims are assaulted by multiple persons using a variety of objects. A crush injury places patients at risk of renal dysfunction.
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