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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading throughout the world. To date, there are still no approved human vaccines for this disease. To develop an effective vaccine, the establishment of animal models for evaluating post-vaccination immune responses is necessary. In this study, we have identified a CTL epitope in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein that could be used to measure the cellular immune response against this protein. Potential predicted CTL epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein were investigated by immunizing BALB/c mice with a recombinant of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein. Then, CD8 T cells specific for S-RBD were detected by stimulating with potential epitope peptides and then measuring the interferon-gamma production. Truncation of this peptide revealed that S-RBD-specific CD8 T cells recognized a H2-D-restricted S peptide. In conclusion, this animal model is suitable for evaluating the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.039 | DOI Listing |
Exp Parasitol
September 2025
Natural Products Drug Discovery Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address:
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Leishmania spp., for which there is no vaccine and an urgent need for better drugs. The zinc metalloprotease gp63 of Leishmania has been identified as an antigenic structure for vaccine design and a promising target for new antileishmanial agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Membr Biol
September 2025
Protein Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative pathogen that causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and trachoma. Current interventions are limited due to the widespread nature of asymptomatic infections, and the absence of a licensed vaccine exacerbates the challenge. In this study, we predicted outer membrane β-barrel (OMBB) proteins and designed a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) construct using identified proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
August 2025
Lab of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Background: Multi-epitope vaccines have become the preferred strategy for protection against infectious diseases by integrating multiple MHC-restricted T-cell and B-cell epitopes that elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens. Computational methods address various aspects independently, yet their orchestration is technically challenging, as most bioinformatics tools are accessible through heterogeneous interfaces and lack interoperability features. The present work proposes a novel framework for rationalized multi-epitope vaccine design that streamlines end-to-end analyses through an integrated web-based environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2025
Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhi (Salmonella typhi) is the cause of typhoid fever, a severe public health issue in impoverished countries with inadequate sanitation. Despite the availability of therapies, infection rates remain high, underscoring the critical need for an effective and long-lasting vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEXCLI J
July 2025
Healthy Aging Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
This immunoinformatics-based study utilized a suite of online predictive tools to characterize the structural and immunogenic properties of rhoptry neck proteins (TgRONs). Full-length amino acid sequences of TgRON2, TgRON4, TgRON4L1, TgRON5, TgRON8, TgRON9, TgRON10, and TgRON13 were retrieved from ToxoDB and subjected to comprehensive analysis. Except for TgRON4L1, all proteins were predicted to be possess antigenic potential, with none identified as allergenic.
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