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Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the Top 10 human infectious disease killers worldwide causing a range of clinical manifestations in humans. Colonizing a range of ecological niches within its sole host, the human, is key to the ability of this opportunistic pathogen to cause direct and post-infectious manifestations. The expansion of genome sequencing capabilities and data availability over the last decade has led to an improved understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of this pathogen within a global framework where epidemiological relationships and evolutionary mechanisms may not be universal. This review uses the recent publication by Davies et al., 2019 as an updated global framework to address S. pyogenes population genomics, highlighting how genomics is being used to gain new insights into evolutionary processes, transmission pathways, and vaccine design.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104609 | DOI Listing |
Hum Immunol
September 2025
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Heart transplant candidates that are highly sensitized against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) face ongoing challenge in finding immunologically compatible donors. Desensitization strategies aimed at reducing HLA antibody titers have variable success rates. Imlifidase, a novel immunoglobulin G-degrading enzyme derived from Streptococcus pyogenes has been successfully used to eliminate pre-formed antibodies in sensitized kidney transplant recipients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfection
September 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
A 23-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital with onset of fever and paroxysmal cough but progressed to death on Day 9. Streptococcus pyogenes was positive in cerebrospinal fluid and blood by next-generation sequencing, and was cultured from sputum. The isolate was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA.
Sortase enzymes are cysteine transpeptidases at the cell surface of gram-positive bacteria. Localized to distinct foci on the cell membrane, class A sortases (SrtAs) recognize a cell wall sorting signal (CWSS), and following cleavage at this specific binding motif, target proteins are ligated to precursors of the growing peptidoglycan layer. This activity of SrtA enzymes is utilized extensively in sortase-mediated ligation (SML) strategies, for a variety of protein engineering applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Investig Med High Impact Case Rep
September 2025
Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, CA, USA.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is an inflammatory infiltrate of interstitial kidney most commonly caused by infections, drugs, allergies, and a number of autoimmune conditions. In this case, we have a 40-year-old male who was thought to have post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis given his symptoms of sore throat and pharyngitis before having renal involvement; however, after further evaluation was found to have biopsy proven interstitial nephritis without glomerular involvement. We note that TIN has multiple etiologies, and in our patient, we believe the combination of sore throat and pharyngitis attributed to and the concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and eventual bacterial translocation into the bloodstream, led to all the atypical manifestations described in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Genomics
August 2025
Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Background: Bacterial genome exploration and outbreak analysis rely heavily on robust whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Widely-used genomic methods, such as genotyping and detection of genetic markers demand high sequencing accuracy and precise genome assembly for reliable results.
Methods: To assess the utility of nanopore sequencing for genotyping highly pathogenic bacteria with low mutation rates, we sequenced six reference strains using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) R10.