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A procedure has been developed for the determination of third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid samples by using a semi-automated microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination. Five synthetic cannabinoids were employed as model compounds 5F-ADB, MMB-CHMICA, THJ-2201, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA and MDMB-CHMCZCA. The most adequate operative conditions for MEPS were evaluated giving quantitative recoveries, from 89 to 124%, in synthetic and field saliva samples spiked with 125 and 250 μg/L of the studied cannabinoids, with the exception of MDMB-CHMCZCA in field saliva samples that provided slightly lower recoveries from 62 to 66%. A high sensitivity was obtained for the proposed MEPS-GC-MS procedure with limits of detection from 10 to 20 μg/L. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of MEPS-GC-MS combination for semi-automated, selective and sensitive determination of synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa091 | DOI Listing |
Expert Opin Pharmacother
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary.
Introduction: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a growing global health concern, with limited pharmacological treatments currently available despite increasing prevalence and legalization trends.
Areas Covered: This review explores the landscape of pharmacotherapies for CUD, including both repurposed agents and emerging investigational compounds. We summarize findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, with attention to mechanisms of action and clinical relevance.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
August 2025
Clinical Toxicology Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
Introduction: Seizures are a marker of severe toxicity following overdose. Research characterising toxicological seizures is limited. We aim to study toxicological seizures, causative agents, and recurrence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
July 2025
Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND.
Cannabis and its bioactive compounds, specifically tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, are rapidly growing in popularity for their therapeutic applications across a variety of medical specialties, including dentistry. This narrative review aims to explore the current and future applications of cannabinoids in dentistry and the therapeutic potential, problems, and ethical issues. Cannabinoids possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of orofacial neuropathic pain, temporomandibular joint disorders, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, bruxism, and obstructive sleep apnea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr A
October 2025
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
∆-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-THC) plays a major role in driving under the influence of drugs investigations and workplace drug testing. Additionally, cannabidiol (CBD), as well as semi-synthetic cannabinoids, like hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and ∆-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-THC), are increasingly found on regulated and unregulated drug markets. A straightforward bioanalytical method was developed, covering 14 analytes, including ∆-THC, CBD, ∆-THC, and their respective metabolites, as well as HHC and a subset of minor phytocannabinoids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
July 2025
Institute for Research and Community Service, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have transformed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management by promoting glucosuria, lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, and weight; however, their use is limited by genitourinary infections and ketoacidosis. Phytocannabinoids-bioactive compounds from -exhibit multi-target pharmacology, including interactions with cannabinoid receptors, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, and potentially SGLT2. : To evaluate the potential of phytocannabinoids as novel modulators of renal glucose reabsorption via SGLT2 and to compare their efficacy, safety, and pharmacological profiles with synthetic SGLT2 inhibitors.
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