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Objective: The study aims to investigate the after-effect of three sessions of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on motor cortical excitability. The iTBS was induced over the primary motor cortex (M1) at different time intervals.
Methods: The study has a crossover design. Sixteen participants were assigned to three groups and received different accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) protocols during each visit: (1) three continuous sessions with no interval (iTBS18000); (2) three iTBS sessions with 10-min intervals (iTBS600 × 310); and (3) three iTBS sessions with 30-min intervals (iTBS600 × 330). As washout period, each visit is separated by at least 7 days. We measured the motor cortical excitability changes and intracortical inhibition.
Results: A dose of 1,800 pulses of aiTBS per day is tolerable. The iTBS1800 led to a reduced cortical excitability; whereas iTBS600 × 310 and iTBS600 × 330 enhanced cortical excitability to a differential extent. After a total dose of 1,800 pulses, iTBS600 × 330 exhibited the longer effect and highest percentage of individuals with enhanced cortical excitability.
Conclusion: The results suggest that aiTBS protocols at different time intervals result in different motor cortical excitability after-effects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00576 | DOI Listing |
Psychol Res
September 2025
Berlin School of Mind and Brain & Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
The existence of free will has been called into question by Benjamin Libet's seminal experiment, who argued that our conscious decision is preceded by an unconscious decision reflected in the readiness potential (RP). Alternatively, it has been argue that the RP rather reflects a decision process in which different signals accumulate until they reach the intention threshold, at which point an agent experience their intention simultaneously. This raises the question what type of signal is accumulated given that no external information is provided.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
September 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
Introduction: We aimed to clarify the effects of an active touch intervention using different textures on corticospinal excitability.
Methods: A total of 30 healthy individuals participated in the active touch intervention. Two tactile stimuli were used for intervention: smooth (silk) and rough (hessian) stimuli.
Vestn Oftalmol
September 2025
Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by chronic progressive damage to the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and their axons, leading to gradual visual function loss. Currently, the gold standards for structural and functional assessment of the retina in glaucoma are static automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, in clinical practice, data from SAP and OCT may be insufficient to reliably determine the stage of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, monitor its progression, or differentiate it from other causes of visual dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Integr Neurosci
August 2025
School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, 510665 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Emotion recognition from electroencephalography (EEG) can play a pivotal role in the advancement of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Recent developments in deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and hybrid models, have significantly enhanced interest in this field. However, standard convolutional layers often conflate characteristics across various brain rhythms, complicating the identification of distinctive features vital for emotion recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Integr Neurosci
August 2025
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
Background: Pilots often experience mental fatigue during task performance, accompanied by fluctuations in positive (e.g., joy) and negative (e.
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