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A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) acts as a communication mechanism using brain signals to control external devices. The generation of such signals is sometimes independent of the nervous system, such as in Passive BCI. This is majorly beneficial for those who have severe motor disabilities. Traditional BCI systems have been dependent only on brain signals recorded using Electroencephalography (EEG) and have used a rule-based translation algorithm to generate control commands. However, the recent use of multi-sensor data fusion and machine learning-based translation algorithms has improved the accuracy of such systems. This paper discusses various BCI applications such as tele-presence, grasping of objects, navigation, etc. that use multi-sensor fusion and machine learning to control a humanoid robot to perform a desired task. The paper also includes a review of the methods and system design used in the discussed applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133620 | DOI Listing |
J Neurochem
September 2025
Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Parkinson's disease (PD). 14-3-3 proteins act as molecular hubs to regulate protein-protein interactions, which are involved in numerous cellular functions, including cellular signaling, protein folding, and apoptosis. We previously revealed decreased 14-3-3 levels in the brains of human subjects with neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagn Reson Med
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Purpose: This study sought to determine the intrasession repeatability of the diffusion-weighted (DW) arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence at different postlabel delays (PLDs).
Methods: We first performed numerical simulations to study the accuracy of the two-compartment water exchange rate (Kw) fitting model with added Gaussian noise for DW PLDs at 1500, 1800, and 2100 ms. Ten young, healthy participants then underwent a structural T scan and two intrasession in vivo DW ASL scans at each PLD on a 3T MRI.
Nat Aging
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Aging is a major risk factor for various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, and is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells, which can themselves propagate the senescence process through paracrine signaling. Migrasomes are organelles that form during cellular migration, detach from parent cells and mediate intercellular communication. Here we demonstrate that border-associated macrophages (BAMs) acquire senescence-associated properties during early brain aging, possibly due to prolonged exposure to amyloid beta.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Loss-of-function variants in the lipid transporter ABCA7 substantially increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, yet how they impact cellular states to drive disease remains unclear. Here, using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of human brain samples, we identified widespread gene expression changes across multiple neural cell types associated with rare ABCA7 loss-of-function variants. Excitatory neurons, which expressed the highest levels of ABCA7, showed disrupted lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, DNA repair and synaptic signalling pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignal Transduct Target Ther
September 2025
Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Neuroregeneration and remyelination rarely occur in the adult mammalian brain and spinal cord following central nervous system (CNS) injury. The glial scar has been proposed as a major contributor to this failure in the regenerative process. However, its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear.
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