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A strategy to conformationally restrain a series of GlyT1 inhibitors identified potent analogs that exhibited slowly interconverting rotational isomers. Further studies to address this concern led to a series of azetidine-based inhibitors. Compound 26 was able to elevate CSF glycine levels in vivo and demonstrated potency comparable to Bitopertin in an in vivo rat receptor occupancy study. Compound 26 was subsequently shown to enhance memory in a Novel Object Recognition (NOR) behavioral study after a single dose of 0.03 mg/kg, and in a contextual fear conditioning (cFC) study after four QD doses of 0.01-0.03 mg/kg.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127214 | DOI Listing |
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn
July 2025
Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
Erythropoiesis is a complex process that results in the production of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This work aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model describing erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis following bitopertin, an inhibitor of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1), administration. Data from a Phase 1 clinical trial in 67 healthy subjects administered bitopertin (10, 30, or 60 mg) or placebo for 120 days were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Invest
July 2025
Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a genetic disorder typically resulting from decreased ferrochelatase (FECH) activity, the last enzyme in heme biosynthesis. Patients with X-linked protoporphyria (XLPP) have an overlapping phenotype caused by increased activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 (ALAS2), the first enzyme in erythroid heme synthesis. In both cases, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulates in erythrocytes and secondarily in plasma and tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol
August 2025
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Despite predicting poor functional outcomes and being a significant patient burden, there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat symptoms of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Iclepertin (BI 425809) is a potent and selective inhibitor of glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) that was in Phase III development for the treatment of CIAS. Iclepertin is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 enzyme and also induces CYP3A4 at supratherapeutic concentrations, so drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with CYP3A4 perpetrators and substrates may be expected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Reprod
July 2025
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Glycine is a key regulator of cell volume in early preimplantation mouse embryos and supports embryo viability. Its accumulation is initiated when the GLYT1 glycine transporter (SLC6A9) is activated in oocytes at about the same time the oocyte is released from meiotic arrest at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. The mechanism by which GLYT1 is maintained in an inactive state before ovulation is triggered is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
March 2025
Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) is a key player in shaping extracellular glutamatergic signaling processes and holds promise for treating cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia by inhibiting its activity and thus enhancing the function of NMDA receptors. Despite its significant role in physiological and pharmacology, its modulation mechanism by clinical drugs and internal lipids remains elusive. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of GlyT1 in its apo state and in complex with clinical trial drugs iclepertin and sarcosine.
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