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The present study aimed at assessing the impact of demographic characteristics, maladaptive personality traits and causal beliefs about COVID-19 on perceived emotional problems in a sample of Italian community-dwelling adults ( = 1043) in the first month of the social distancing period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis results showed that dysfunctional personality domains and non-scientifically supported causal beliefs explained all the variance that was originally explained by demographic variables (i.e., age and gender). In particular, negative affectivity and detachment represented relevant risk factors for reduced emotional well-being in our sample. A significant positive association was observed also between emotional problems and supernatural causal beliefs on the COVID-19 infection. Our data supported the importance of considering the impact of quarantine measures on psychological well-being, while suggesting possible risk factors related to individual differences in personality and causal beliefs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110139 | DOI Listing |
Cereb Cortex
August 2025
Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Centro-parietal electroencephalogram signals (centro-parietal positivity and error positivity) correlate with the reported level of confidence. According to recent computational work these signals reflect evidence which feeds into the computation of confidence, not directly confidence. To test this prediction, we causally manipulated prior beliefs to selectively affect confidence, while leaving objective task performance unaffected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
September 2025
University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to explore and describe perceived risk of women towards Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer (CC) in Adama, Ethiopia. Perception of women towards CC screening was also investigated.
Design: A qualitative exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was employed.
J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil
November 2024
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Introduction: There is a gap between individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who need treatment for self-injurious behavior (SIB) and those who receive it. One contributing factor may be a multiplicity of beliefs about the nature of SIB and its treatment.
Methods: Using reflexive thematic analysis, we interviewed and integrated two knowledge sources: the perspectives of family caregivers for individuals with SIB and IDD and the perspectives of clinicians and researchers who treat and study self-injury.
J Exp Child Psychol
September 2025
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Grounded in developmental intergroup theory, which highlights the role of essentialist thinking in the emergence of prejudice, this study examined whether reducing children's gender essentialism could decrease prejudice against speakers with gender-nonconforming (GN) voices. A total of 162 children aged 8-12 years participated in the study. The intervention group (N = 81) received three lessons illustrating diversity in sex-related traits and behaviors in the animal kingdom to challenge essentialist beliefs about gender roles, expression, and biological sex, whereas the control group received comparable lessons without gender-related content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
August 2025
University of Florida, USA.
The management of gout, a condition historically laden with stigma and misconceptions about its underlying causes, stands at a critical juncture. Despite significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and treatment, gout management remains inconsistent and at odds with prevailing clinical guidelines and evidenced-based standards. This study investigates how inaccurate physician beliefs about gout can bias clinical judgment and contribute to compromised patient care.
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