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For higher-order (process) languages, characterising contextual equivalence is a long-standing issue. In the setting of a higher-order -calculus with , we develop , a typed bisimilarity which fully characterises contextual equivalence. To our knowledge, ours is the first characterisation of its kind. Using simple values inhabiting (session) types, our approach distinguishes from untyped methods for characterising contextual equivalence in higher-order processes: we show that observing as inputs only a precise finite set of higher-order values suffices to reason about higher-order session processes. We demonstrate how characteristic bisimilarity can be used to justify optimisations in session protocols with mobile code communication.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0289-7 | DOI Listing |
JAC Antimicrob Resist
August 2025
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Objectives: To evaluate the environmental impact of prolonged IV antimicrobial courses and identify opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using AMS ward-round data from January 2023 to December 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Data on IV antimicrobial prescriptions, AMS recommendations for discontinuation or IV to oral switch (IVOS) and prescriber acceptance were reviewed.
J Acoust Soc Am
August 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy.
Loudspeakers play a key role in defining the sound field and quality in various environments. Their mounting on structures with different dynamic properties affects acoustic radiation. This study presents an innovative approach that combines the equivalent sources method (ESM) with dynamic considerations to model the interaction between the loudspeaker and its support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Artif Intell
August 2025
Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
This article presents Affinity, a visual analytics tool that enhances the simulation of the emergence of derived relations between stimuli in humans. Built on the foundations of a reinforcement learning model called Enhanced Equivalence Projective Simulation, Affinity provides both real-time visualizations of the agent's relational memory and enables the simulation of Relational Density Theory, a novel approach to understanding relational responding through the modeling of higher-order properties of density, volume, and mass. We demonstrate these features in a simulation of a recent study into the quantification of relational volume.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFam Pract
August 2025
Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Background: International guidelines consider most antihypertensive medication (AHM) classes as equivalent options for treating primary hypertension. However, limited research has examined whether general practitioners (GPs) share this view or have specific prescribing preferences. Understanding GPs' perspectives is crucial for identifying how guidelines are implemented in daily practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
June 2025
African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Abuja 900231, Nigeria.
Background: Immunization coverage in Nigeria is low, with many children missing out on important lifesaving vaccines. To enable a better understanding of contextual factors towards increasing uptake, we piloted a Decentralized Immunization Monitoring (DIM) approach in the Kumbotso local government area (LGA) of Kano state, Nigeria, to identify wards with low vaccination rates and understand why this is happening. The findings were used to improve routine immunization (RI) programs and reduce the number of unvaccinated children and children yet to receive their first dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine, referred to as Zero-Dose children (ZD).
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