Article Synopsis
- Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are important for detecting pathogen infections in plants, with various evolutionary adaptations occurring across different species.
- Several distinct strategies have emerged for NLR-mediated immunity, such as specialization into sensor and helper types, different recognition methods, and NLR regulation by small RNAs.
- The review highlights the evolutionary background of NLRs, reflects on past disease resistance engineering efforts, and suggests using this evolutionary understanding to inform future research for improving plant disease recognition.
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Article Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) monitor the plant intracellular environment for signs of pathogen infection. Several mechanisms of NLR-mediated immunity arose independently across multiple species. These include the functional specialization of NLRs into sensors and helpers, the independent emergence of direct and indirect recognition within NLR subfamilies, the regulation of NLRs by small RNAs, and the formation of NLR networks. Understanding the evolutionary history of NLRs can shed light on both the origin of pathogen recognition and the common constraints on the plant immune system. Attempts to engineer disease resistance have been sparse and rarely informed by evolutionary knowledge. In this review, we discuss the evolution of NLRs, give an overview of previous engineering attempts, and propose how to use evolutionary knowledge to advance future research in the generation of novel disease-recognition capabilities.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035901 | DOI Listing |
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