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Production and potential application of chitooligosaccharide is reported in this study. Chitooligosaccharide was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using Bacillus cereus chitosanase. The chitooligosaccharide was characterized, and its prebiotic activity together with the antioxidant activity were evaluated and compared to marketed standard and chitosan. Additionally, its stability in yoghurt was monitored. The produced chitooligosaccharide was water soluble with molecular weight of 2.005 kDa and higher degree of acetylation. Bioactivity results cleared the chitooligosaccharide has potent prebiotic plus antioxidant activity with poor stability in yoghurt. Subsequently, encapsulation of chitooligosaccharide into nanoparticles and microparticle were assessed to enhance its stability. Our results indicated that nanoparticles with size 100 nm maintained 96.83 + 1.2 % of chitooligosaccharide in yoghurt during shelf life compared to 45.09 ± 2.5 % for microparticle (850 μm). Finally, the sensory evaluation favored the yoghurt containing chitooligosaccharide nanoparticles over free chitooligosaccharide or chitooligosaccharide microparticle, which suggest nanoparticles as potential formula to boost the chitooligosaccharide stability in yoghurt.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115941 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
The origin and phylogenetic distribution of symbiotic associations between nodulating angiosperms and nitrogen-fixing bacteria have long intrigued biologists. Recent comparative evolutionary analyses have yielded alternative hypotheses: a multistep pathway of independent gains and losses of root nodule symbiosis vs. a single gain followed by numerous losses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fish Dis
September 2025
Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong
Vibrio infections cause enteritis in grouper fish, leading to high mortality and stunted growth, which is a major challenge for aquaculture. Oligochitosans, marine prebiotics with bioactive properties, have proven their potential for growth promotion and immune regulation. However, the impacts of Vibrio harveyi on the gut microbiome of grouper fish and the potential of oligochitosans to modulate these effects remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
November 2025
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for pathogens and ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address:
The fungal cell wall provides the cell with enough strength to withstand turgor pressure and keeps adequate plasticity to extend the cell wall size under turgor pressure for cell growth. The cell walls of apical growing hyphae and budding growth yeast have been studied in detailed which share common components of chitin and β-1,3-glucan in their scaffold structures while other polysaccharide components vary on species. In contrast, the cell walls of elongating growth mushroom stipe remains poorly studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
August 2025
Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
is a plant known for its nutritional and bioactive properties. Its leaves contain a high concentration of active compounds with significant antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, including strong α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. The combination of these bioactive leaf extracts with prebiotic substances, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and chitooligosaccharides (COS), enables the development of functional systems with enhanced beneficial properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
August 2025
College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) represent copper-dependent enzymes pivotal in breaking down resilient polysaccharides like cellulose and chitin by means of oxidation, creating more accessible sites for glycoside hydrolases. To elevate the conversion efficiency of chitin, an AA10 LPMO was identified from the genome of 2-40 and heterologously expressed. The optimal pH for the activity of recombinant LPMO10A is 9.
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