What are the Predictive Factors for Preeclampsia in Oocyte Recipients?

Objectives: Oocyte donation pregnancies are more frequently complicated by preeclampsia (PE), which cause significant fetal-maternal morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to determine risk factors for PE in oocyte recipients (OR). Our secondary objective was to describe the course of pregnancy and the neonatal outcome in this group.

Methods: This was a historical-prospective study. One hundred and fifty OR who gave birth to children at over 22 weeks of amenorrhea between January 2010 and June 2018 were included in the study.

Results: Risk factors for PE in OR found in univariate analysis were as follows: primiparity, primipaternity, body mass index (BMI), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) of the OR and age and AMH of the oocyte donors (OD). In multivariate analysis, the BMI of the OR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.1-1.4], = 0.0474) and the AMH of the OD (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: [1.2-1.4], = 0.0481) were found to be statistically significant risk factors for PE. In addition, we observed an increase in the rate of prematurity in the OR that were not associated with fetal growth retardation, despite the occurrence of PE.

Conclusion: In OR, the allogeneic nature of pregnancy induces an increased risk of PE, the pathophysiology of which seems different from that in other methods of conception. Thus, risk factors for PE should be reconsidered to take into account the impact of certain characteristics of OD such as age and AMH.